棒状纳米二氧化硅水溶胶的制备与镀膜研究.docVIP

棒状，，（，300410；2.天津泰岳玻璃有限公司）状状状：；状；；：TQ127.2：A ：：Study on the Preparation and Coating of Elongated Shaped Nano-SiO2 Hydrosol Li Jiansheng1，Liu Bingguang1，Wang Tao1, Dong Xuetong 2 （1.School of Biological and Environmental Engineering，Tianjin Vocational Institute, Tianjin 300410，China; 2.Tianjin Taiyue Glass Co.，Ltd） Abstract：Lanthanum nitrate or terbium nitrate solution as a crystal transformation catalyst was added into 3%-4% globular nano-SiO2 hydrosol. The pH value of the silica sol was adjusted to pH8.0-8.5 with dilute sodium hydroxide solution. It was processed 1-36h at 70-103℃ by hydrothermal method to get a 4.5%-5.5% alkaline elongated shaped nano-SiO2 hydrosol with La(OH)3 or Tb(OH)3 as crystal nucleus of nano-SiO2 particles. It was treated with ion exchange resin and added salicylic acid fungicide to get acidic elongated shaped nano-SiO2 hydrosol with pH1.8-2.5. Coating on the glass sample by pulling or rolling method, a coated glass with uniform and compact film was obtained .It has no cracking and with good durability. Elongated shaped nano-SiO2 hydrosol can used as base composition of anti-reflection or self-cleaning or luminescence conversion coating. Key words：nano-SiO2；elongated shaped；silica sol；preparation；coating 在晶体硅太阳电池玻璃盖板表面涂覆一层100-200 nm 厚度的纳米二氧化硅减反射膜，2.5%-3.5%；若在纳米二氧化硅减反射膜层中添加自清洁组分，可以减少污染物遮挡10%-30%，稳定太阳电池发电效率；若在纳米二氧化硅减反射膜层中添加光转换组分，可以提高太阳光谱中紫外光或红外光的利用率5%-30%，显著提高太阳电池发电效率。采用涂覆纳米二氧化硅水溶胶的镀膜玻璃是一种简便和经济的提高晶体硅太阳电池发电效率的方法[1，2]。太阳能电池发电效率在应用中逐年降低，归结于太阳电池在露天环境下使用，镀膜玻璃要经受日光曝晒、酸雨冲刷、冷热冲击、沙尘、冰雹、海洋恶劣气候等环境因素的破坏，以及在进行清洗、维修等日常维护时玻璃膜层受到机械磨损。纳米二氧化硅膜的抗湿热老化、抗湿冻老化、抗盐雾老化、抗紫外老化和耐洗刷性能等耐久性能指标耐久性能标耐久性能状状状0.5-2h，使金属离子全部为球状纳米二氧化硅水溶胶粒子所吸附；然后加入2%的氢氧化钠溶液，调节球状纳米二氧化硅水溶胶pH8.0-8.5，使吸附的金属离子原位水解生成纳米氢氧化物作为转晶催化剂；在70-103℃下进行水热处理1-36h，同时浓缩除去部分蒸馏水，纳米二氧化硅水溶胶粘度逐渐变大，直到纳米二氧化硅水溶胶体积蒸发到1000mL，蒸发器壁上出现棒状二氧化硅结晶为止；冷却后得到转晶形成的pH8.0-8.5的碱性棒状纳米二氧化硅水溶胶。将其通过强酸性阳离子交换树脂柱，再加入水杨酸作为酸度稳定剂和防霉剂，得到pH1.8-2.5的酸性棒状纳米二氧化硅水溶胶。 1.3棒状和球状纳米二氧化硅水溶胶实验室镀膜 将先后用稀硝酸、去离子水和无水乙醇清洗干净的25.4×76.2mm玻璃载波片，分别浸入碱性和酸性的棒状和球状纳米二氧化硅