(临床遗传课件)Chapter9 Genetics and cancer讲解材料.pptVIP

本学期结课时间为3月29日（周四）。 考前答疑时间：4月5日（周四）下午 14：00-16：00 考前答疑地点：细胞楼4室、5室 考试时间：第9周4月12日（周四）7，8节 下午15：40-17：40 ;Genetics and Cancer;Outline;What is Cancer?;Sarcomas（肉瘤） Malignant neoplasms of the muscle, bone or connective tissue Carcinomas（癌） Malignant neoplasms of the epithelial tissue. About 85% of all cancers. Lymphomas（淋巴瘤）, Leukemias(白血病) Cancer of the lymphatic system Cancers of the blood forming organs (e.g., bone marrow) leading to proliferation of white blood cells.;Cancer: a genetic disease with somatic and inherited mutations;Cancer Genes;Comparison of the effects of tumor suppressor gene and proto-oncogene mutations;Cell Cycle;General events for regulation of cell division in normal cells;General events for regulation of cell division in normal cells;ONCOGENES 癌基因 ;Oncogenes;Oncogenes Protooncogenes（癌基因和原癌基因）;Proto-Oncogenes classified by their location and function in the cell;General events for regulation of cell division in normal cells; Hereditary Syndromes Due to Activated Oncogenes;Multiple Endocrine Adenomatosis, type2 (2型多发性内分泌腺样癌，MEN2): Common type A variant and rarer type B variant Due to specific point mutations in the RET gene RET gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase （酪氨酸激酶受体）that serve for two ligands: glial cell-line-derived growth factor (gdnf) and neurturin. ;Activating mutation causes the receptor to phosphorylate tyrosines even in the absence of its ligand; Hereditary Papillary Renal Carcinoma (遗传性乳头状肾癌，HPRC): Due to a mutation in the MET gene MET gene is another tyrosine kinase receptor, serve for the ligand, hepatocyte growth factor ;Activation of Oncogenes in Sporadic Cancer;Ras（G-proteins）is On – Off Switches;Ras Mutants;Activation of Oncogenes by  Chromosome Translocation;Ph1 translocation:t(9;22)(q34;q11); Burkitt Lymphoma Has an unusual geographic distribution: Children in equatorial Africa Translocation: t(8;14)(q24;q32) Bring