FUNDAMENTALS OF ACOUSTICS(九) 声学基础（英文版）演示教学.pptVIP

FUNDAMENTALS OF ACOUSTIC (9);3-4-1 SOUND ENERGY DENSITY; The energy transported by acoustic waves through a fluid medium is of two forms: The kinetic energy of the moving particles ; The potential energy of the compressed fluid.;The change in potential energy associated with a volume change from V0 to V is ;Where the negative sign indicates that the potential energy will increase as work is done on the element when its volume is decreased by action of a positive acoustic pressure p. From conservation of mass we have ;Sound energy ;The acoustic intensity I of a sound wave is defined as the average rate of flow of energy through a unit area normal to the direction of propagation. Its fundamental units are watts per square meter (W/m2). The sound intensity is the time average of sound energy flux density;It can be written in another form;Total sound power emitted by a source in all directionsMeasured in watts (joules/second);The average power produced by a person talking in an ordinary conversational tone is about 10-5 watt, or 100 ergs per sec; The range of power that can be produced by the voice varies from about 1 erg per sec for very weak speech to about 104ergs per sec for loud speech.;Pressure and intensity level;The response of ear is not proportional to the intensity, however; it is much more nearly proportional to the logarithm of the intensity. If we increase the intensity of a sound in steps of what seem to be equal increments of loudness, we find that the intensities form a sequence of the sort 1,2,4, 8,16…or 1,10,100,1000…and not of the sort 1,2,3…or 1,19,28….;A second reason is that the very wide range of sound pressure and intensities encountered in our acoustic environment, audible sound power range from approximately 10-5 to 109. The use of logarithmic scale compresses the range of numbers required to describe this wide range of intensities.;The human ear is a remarkably rugged yet sensitive organ. It responds to a frequency range of about t