基因`基因组`转基因与克隆技术——人类对自然`社会与自身的.ppt

远征月球和火星Go to Moon, Mars, and outward? 中国神舟5号飞船升空 Twin Rovers（火星车）—Spirit and Opportunity.  Spirit（勇气号） touchdown at Gusev crater, perhaps the site of an ancient martian lake , at Jan 3 2004. Opportunity（机遇号） touchdown within Meridiani Planum at Jan 24 2004. Sitting atop the rover mast is Pancam, the most powerful color imaging system ever to land on another world. The camera system will return high-definition views of Mars, and serve as the surveying tool. A filter wheel on each of Pancams two cameras allows observations in multiple spectrums. Next to Pancam on the mast is the Miniature Thermal Emissions Spectrometer, that will work in tandem with the Pancam to determine suitable target rocks and soil for study. 火星着陆器图示 Spirit‘s robotic arm 勇气号的机器手 The arm has been likened to a bowling ball at the end of a fishing rod, But the arm structure is strong, made of hollow titanium, that keeps the scientific package steady and accurate as it shifts from one instrument to another. Turret of instruments on Spirits robot arm includes Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT), built to grind into rock surface, Microscope Imager(MI) and as well as its M?ssbauer and Alpha-Particle X-ray spectrometers to study a bare patch of Martian soil. The rovers panoramic camera and miniature thermal emission spectrometer are also part of the Athena package but located elsewhere on the rover. Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell The Alpha-Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) and The M?ssbauer Spectrometer aboard NASAs Mars rovers The APXS is an instrument that bombards a target with alpha particles, and X-rays, then gathers up the radiation scattered back from the target. The returned emissions give researchers an idea of the elemental chemical composition of any given rock. Its not a quick instrument, requiring up to 10 hours to collect one data set. The M?ssbauer Spectrometer uses radiation to study the Martian environment over a long period of time, in this case 12 hours. The instrument uses g