铁基粉末冶金材料幻灯片.pptVIP

烧 结 烧结的作用 脱除润滑剂 冶金粘结 元素扩散 尺寸变化 微观结构 防止氧化与还原氧化物 烧结温度、烧结时间、烧结气氛 烧结过程 Metal powder compact Porous metal Sintered state (bonding between particles) Green state (cold welding) 生坯与烧结件 After compaction After sintering 烧结工艺示意图 Temp. Time RT Delubrication (300 - 700C) C - dissolution (800 - 950C) 4 3 2 1 Sintering (1100 - 1300C) Cooling (Cooling Rate) 1 2 3 4 影响烧结的因素 Temperature Time Atmosphere Material composition Alloying method Lubricant content Sintering cycle 烧结过程的实质 Particle bonding Microstructure Dimensional change Sintering necks Pores Phases/structures Size Shape Alloying Homogenization 烧结驱动力 V1 + V2 = V3 E1 + E2 E3 1 2 3 E1 + E2 E3 ΔE High energy state Low energy state Driving Force: Surface energy 固态烧结 By the Diffusion of the metal atoms Cu spheres 孔隙变化 From sharp corners to flatter parts of the pore surface From small pores to near-by larger pores and grain boundaries 均匀化过程 Ni in Fe-base 影响均匀化的因素 Ni particle size: 5 um, 10 um Temperature: 1000 - 1300C Weighing factor: Temperature Ni particle size Time Time: 0.5 -500 h 烧结的分类 Temperature ( 1150C, 1150C) Furnace (batch, pusher, belt, walking beam) Atmosphere (“vacuum”, Endo, N2/H2) State (liquid, solid) Pressure (atmospheric, pressure-assisted) 高温烧结 Accelerates the atomic motion (better sintering necks) Improves the surface reduction of particles (activates sintering) Increases the sintered density Improves the homogenization Improves pore rounding Improves mechanical properties 瞬时液相烧结 Secondary pore Fe – Cu系膨胀机理 90%Fe 10%Cu 1150 C Fe-Cu 系与Fe-Cu-C 系的尺寸变化 Cu Cu + 1%C 烧结常见的问题 Achieve sufficiently tight tolerances Oxidation (alloying elements, sintering atmosphere) Carburisation (temperature, sintering atmosphere) Decarburisation (temperature, sintering atmosphere) Poor surface finish (delubrification) 影响尺寸变化的因素 Particle size Alloying element Uneven filling and compaction Uneven distribution of