精品人畜共患病毒性疾病课件.pptVIP

Flavivirus Xiao-Kui GUO Dept. of Microbiology and Parasitology 人畜共患病毒性疾病Viral Zoonosis 人畜共患病 脊椎动物（vertebrate animals）所患疾病能通过昆虫媒介直接或间接传递给人类 如果有昆虫参与，这个疾病也称为虫媒疾病（arboviral） 如狂犬病、肾综合症出血热、流行性乙型脑炎和埃博拉出血热 虫媒病毒（Arthropod-borne viruses，arboviruses）是通过节肢动物（ arthropod vectors）传播的病毒 The WHO definition is as follows Viruses ?maintained ?in nature principally, or to an important extent, through biological transmission between susceptible vertebrate ?hosts by haematophagus arthropods or through ?transovarian and possibly venereal transmission in arthropods 虫媒病毒种类 虫媒病毒分属3个病毒科： Togaviruses （披膜病毒科） EEE, WEE, and VEE Bunyaviruses （布尼亚病毒科） Haemorrhagic Fever Sandfly Fever, Rift Valley Fever, Crimean-Congo Flaviviruses （黄病毒科） Yellow Fever, dengue, Japanese Encephalitis 在我国流行并经病毒分离证实的虫媒病有6种 流行性乙型脑炎 森林脑炎 登革热 基孔贡亚热 肾综合征出血热 新疆出血热 Scientist collecting specimens from trapped rodents Common characteristics 40~70 nm in diameter, +ssRNA spherical enveloped Hemophilic arthropods as vector, and viruses replicate in arthropod 5 type clinical manifestations and diseases related to season and district. Major Clinical Categories of Arboviral Disease No clinical illness. Febrile systemic illness. Encephalitis Haemorrhagic Fever. Hepatitis arthritis Genome 黄病毒 Flaviviruses 登革病毒 Dengue viruses 流行性乙型脑炎病毒 Epidemic type B encephalitis virus 蜱传脑炎病毒 Tick-borne encephalitis virus 黄病毒生物学特性 球形，20~60nm，个别达100nm，有包膜，+ssRNA基因组，有感染性，只有一个读码框，编码一个大前体蛋白，切割后分成结构和调节蛋白 核心由C蛋白和RNA构成二十面体立称核衣壳，包膜上有病毒编码的M和E蛋白，其中E蛋白具有血凝素作用，能凝集鸡红细胞 对酸、醚、 氯仿敏感 在节肢动物体内增殖，对节肢动物不致病，但通过叮咬传染给脊椎动物和人类，引起自然疫源性的人畜共患疾病：脑炎、黄热病和出血热等 致病呈明显的季节性和地区性 节肢动物媒介Arthropod Vectors Mosquitoes （蚊） Japanese encephalitis, dengue, yellow fever, St. Louis encephalitis, etc. Ticks （蜱） Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, various tick-borne encephalitis etc. Sandflies （白蛉） Sicilian sandfly fever, Rift valley fever. Arthropod Vectors 动物宿主（Reservoirs） In many cases, the actual reservoir is not known. The following animals are implicated as reservoirs 鸟 Japane