细菌分类_ 欢迎光临中国免疫学信息网课件.pptVIP

Suggested reading: Murray, Third edition Chapter 2, 16-18 and 21. Classification Family: a group of related genera. Genus: a group of related species. Species: a group of related strains. Type: sets of strain within a species (e.g. biotypes, serotypes). Strain: one line or a single isolate of a particular species. A single colony is placed on a slide and dried. Stage1. Staining with crystal violet. Stage 2. Fixation with iodine stabilizes crystal violet staining. All bacteria remain purple or blue. Stage 3. Extraction with alcohol. Decolorizes some bacteria (Gram negative) and not others (Gram positive). Stage 4. Counterstaining with safranin. Gram positive bacteria are stained with crystal violet and remain purple. Gram negative bacteria are stained pink. Gram stain morphology Shape cocci (round) bacilli (rods) spiral or curved (e.g. spirochetes) Single or multiple cells clusters (e.g. streptococci) chains (e.g. streptococci) Gram positive or negative Molecular analysis DNA-DNA homology “Gold standard in bacterial taxonomy Chemical analysis Approaches to rapid diagnosis without prior culture A simple approach to rapid diagnosis Bacterial DNA sequences amplified directly from human body fluids Direct microscopic observation Serologic identification * Faculty: Dr. Alvin Fox Key Terms Isolation (culture) Agar plate/colonies Liquid media test tube - bulk Identification taxonomy Family Genus Species Type Strain Biochemical (physiological) tests Molecular tests DNA-DNA homology 16S rRNA sequencing Chemical profiling Non culture based detection Polymerase chain reaction- (PCR) Agglutination (antigen detection) Stain Serology (antibody detection) Bacterial identification in the diagnostic laboratory 1. Isolation identification aids treatment since infectious diseases caused by different bacteria have a variety of clinical courses and consequences. Susceptibility testing of isolates helps in selection of antibiotics