专业英语_第三篇_有机物命名.pptVIP

outline Hydrocarbons （烃） Alkyl Halides （卤代烷） Alcohols （醇） Ketones （酮） Aldehedye （醛） Carboxylic acid （羧酸） Ethers （醚） Esters （酯） Amine （胺） Amide （酰胺） The IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry is a systematic method (系统方法） of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). Ideally, every possible organic compound should have a name from which an unambiguous structural formula can be drawn. There is also an IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry . 1. Identify the parent hydrocarbon chain. This chain must follow the following rules, in order of precedence: It should have maximum substituents （取代基）of the suffix functional group. It should have maximum number of multiple bonds. It should have the maximum length. It should have maximum number of double bonds Identify the parent functional group, if any, with the highest order of precedence. Identify the side-chains. Identify the remaining functional groups, if any, and name them by the name of their ions . Different side-chains and functional groups will be grouped together in alphabetical order. Identify double/triple bonds. Number the chain. Has the lowest locant for the suffix functional group. Has the lowest locants for multiple bonds. Has the lowest locants for double bonds Has the lowest locants for prefixes Number the various substituents and bonds with their locants.. Arrange everything like this: Group of side chains and secondary functional groups with numbers made in step 3 + prefix of parent hydrocarbon chain (eth, meth) + double/triple bonds with numbers (or ane) + primary functional group suffix with numbers.Wherever it says with numbers, it is understood that between the word and the numbers, you use the prefix(di-, tri-) Add punctuation: Put commas between numbers (2 5 5 becomes 2,5,5) Put a hyphen between a number and a letter (2 5 5 trimethylhexane becomes 2,5,5-trimethylhexane) Successive words are merged in