开关电源变压器和设计-变压器磁芯及骨架-Magnetics basis B.pptVIP

MAGNETICS Astec Custom Power Lecture Outline Magnetic Quantities and Units Basic Concepts Transformers and Transformer Cores The B-H Curve Hysteresis Loops and Volt-Second Balance Transformer Losses Design Considerations Magnetic Variables and Units Ampere’s Law A current-carrying wire generates a magnetic field perpendicular to the current, with the magnetic field lines following the Right Hand Rule. Ampere’s Law relates magnetic field intensity and current density, thus: ?lH?dl = ?AJ?dA = IT Integrating the magnetic field intensity around a closed magnetic path gives the total current following through the wire. Therefore, magnetomotive force is given as mmf = NI. Faraday’s Law Faraday’s Law is the complement of Ampere’s Law and relates electric field intensity and magnetic flux density, thus: ?lE?dl = -?/?t ?AB?dA The voltage induced in a conductor is proportional to the change in magnetic flux passing through the surface enclosed by the conductor. v = Nd?/dt Current and Magnetic Fields Current flowing through a closed path generates concentric “flux rings” perpendicular to the conductor. The loops of a current-carrying coil are said to be “linked” by these magnetic “flux rings”. These flux lines constitute a magnetic field, with a FLUX DENSITY of: B = f/Aeff Flux density is more or less proportional to the MAGNETIC FIELD INTENSITY H by a factor called PERMEABILITY: m = B/H Example: B around a long wire Question: What is the flux density around a very long straight conductor (surrounded by air) carrying a current IT? The current will generate concentric flux rings around the conductor with constant H along each flux ring. From Ampere’s Law: ?lH?dl = IT Since H = B/?, and ? = ?o for air, we have: ?ringH?dl = (B/?o)(2?r) = IT ? B = ?oIT /2?r [tesla] Example: B in a single-turn coil Question: Given a single-turn coil of radius r with a current Icoil flowing through it, what is the flux density inside the coil? From Ampere’s Law: ?lH?dl