抗癫痫和抗惊厥药山东大学药理学英文课件.pptVIP

Welcome to Pharmacology Chapter 18 Antiepileptic Anticonvulsive Drugs Section 1  Antiepileptic Drugs Epilepsy Epilepsy is a heterogeneous symptom complex, a chronic disorder characterized by sudden, transit and recurrent seizures which are episodes of brain dysfunction resulting from abnormal discharge of focal cerebral neuron and diffusion to normal neuronal tissues. Somatic, sensory, automatic and psychotic Epilepsy Etiology incidence:0.5%~1% Primary epilepsy Secondary epilepsy Classifications Partial seizures (1)Simple partial seizures 单纯局限性发作 (2)Complex partial seizures 复合性局限性发作 Generalized seizures (1)Absence seizures(petit mal) 失神发作（小发作） (2)Myoclonic seizures 肌阵挛性发作 (3)Generalized tonic-clonic seizures (grad mal) 强直-阵挛性发作（大发作） (4)Status epilepticus 癫痫持续状态 (1) Grand mal epilepsy Loss of consciousness and myotonia-myoclonus for a few minutes. Continuous episodes with sustained loss of consciousness is called epilepticism. (2) Absence Involve a brief, sudden and self-limiting loss of consciousness.The patient stare and exhibits rapid eye-blinking, which lasts for 3 to 5 seconds without any motor disorder. (3) Myoclonic  Consist of short episode of local muscle contractions that may reoccur for several minutes. Partial Simple partial Do not lose conciousness and often exhibit abnomal activity of a single limb or muscle group. Partial Complex partial Exhibit motor dysfuntion and loss of conciousness. Experimental Models 1. Electric stimulate(maximal electroshock seizure, MES): grad mal 2. Pentylenetetrazol(PTZ): absence seizure 3. Spontaneously epileptic rat(SER) 4. Kindling response: Complex partial seizures 5. Glutamate History of Antiepileptic Drugs 1857 potassium bromide(溴化钾) 1912 phenobarbital 1912~1937 35 analogs of phenobarbital 1938 phenytoin 1938~1960 va