动力吊卡与正机械手总体设计.doc

摘 要 吊卡是一种用来吊起钻杆、油管和套管等管材的工具。它悬挂在提升系统大钩两侧的吊环里面，以便对井眼进行起出或下入钻具及油管、套管的作业。 吊卡在钻修井作业时，用来直接悬挂管柱的井口工具，上连吊环，不同的孔径悬挂不同的管柱。吊卡在顶驱系统中经常会承受所有管柱的重量，在接管和卸管过程中也起着不可替代的作用，按悬挂的管柱不同分为抽油杆吊卡、钻杆吊卡、套管吊卡和油管吊卡。 在上管的过程中，机械臂会将管柱送到合适的位置，打开吊卡将管柱锁紧，当吊卡将管柱的位置摆放好后位于顶驱的上卸扣装置会将钻杆旋紧，卸下管柱时顶驱将钻杆卸扣，然后由吊卡将管柱送到合适的位置由机械臂移开管柱。 关键词：动力吊卡；钻修井；设计。 Abstract The elevator is a tools which used to lift the drill pipe, tubing and casing pipe. It hungs in the lift system on both sides of the hook rings,which inside job starting out or down into the drill and tubing, casing to the borehole. When the elevator is in drilling work operation, the elevator is a wellhead tools which used to suspension the tubular pile and connect the rings up.And the different rings aperture hanging the different column.In the top drive system elevator often support all columns weight,which also important in the process of takeover and unloading pipe.The suspension of the column is divided into the sucker rod elevator、drill pipe elevator, casing pipe elevator and tubing elevator. In the process of connect pipe,the mechanical arm will sent the pipe in a right place,open the elevator and lock the pipe.When the elevators location is right,the fastening and unfastening device at the top drive will screw the pipe.When we need set down the pipe the top drive will unfasten the pipe,then the elevator sent to the pipe in a right place and the mechanical arm will move away the pipe. Key words：Power elevators；； 目 录 概述........................................................1 1.1修井作业工艺过程..........................................1 1.2 修井作业机械化装置的发展..................................1 1.3 吊卡的发展过程............................................3 第2章 动力吊卡与扶正机械手总体设计..................................9 2.1动力吊卡与扶正机械手总体方案设计..........................9 2.2动力吊卡与扶正机械手的工作原理...........................11第3章 动力吊卡与扶正机械手的结构设计...............................14 3.1动力吊卡控制开合的设计...................................14 3.2 动力吊卡锁