2011-10-11 经典英美文学作品欣赏.pptVIP

1. Shakespearian Sonnets and His Sonnet 18 莎士比亚十四行诗与他的第十八首十四行诗 Shakespearian sonnet is also called Elizabethan 2 sonnet. It is different from Petrarchan 3 or Italian sonnet in its metrical (诗的)韵律form. 莎士比亚十四行诗又叫伊丽莎白十四行诗。它与彼特拉克十四行诗或意大利十四行诗在格律上有所不同。 The Italian sonnet has two parts, an octave 4 (eight lines) and a sestet (six lines). Its rhyme scheme is usually abbaabba cdecde.意大利十四行诗分成两个部分: 一个八行诗段,一个六行诗段, 押韵格式一般为: abbaabba cdecde。Shakespearian sonnet consists of three quatrains四行诗and a couplet对句, 对联with the rhyme scheme abab cdcd efef gg.莎士比亚十四行诗由三个四行诗段和一个对句诗段组成,押韵格式为:abab cdcd efef gg。 What is Poetry? – Poetry consists of the best words in the best order. 一首诗歌包含若干Stanza 诗节，每个Stanza 诗节分为若干line行，每line行分为若干音步foot。音步foot由重读音节和非重读音节按照一定规律排列而成，由此产生诗的格律meter。诗歌讲究节奏Rhythm与和声harmony。 Meter (=measure) 格律 --- the ‘beat’ of a line of verse determined by the kind and number of poetic feet. Stanza 诗节--- An arrangement of a certain number of lines forming the divisions of a poem. A foot is the basic unit of a meter. A foot is composed of either 2 or 3 syllables. Every English sentence , poetry or non-poetry, is made up of these units. There 6 basic types of metrical 韵律的 feet 韵脚 in English verse诗句. Foot: a prosodic unit of stressed and / or unstressed beats, the component of a line. Common feet: 重音节的符号表示为 ′ ；非重音节的符号表示为 ? 或 ^ ： Iamb 抑扬格 is composed of 1 unstressed and 1 stressed syllables 由1个非重音节和1个重音节组成;即一个短或弱音节之后跟着一个长或强音节， 例如：dēféat, ālíve, rētúrn, cōmpósed Trochee 扬抑格 is composed of 1 stressed and 1 unstressed syllables 由1个重音节和1个非重音节组成 (= Trochee is a unit in poetry consisting of one strong or long beat 强或长音节followed by one weak or short beat 弱或短音节.) 例如：tróchēe，fáthēr, lístēn, dóublē Dactyl 扬抑抑格 is composed of 1 stressed and 2 unstressed syllables 由1个重音节和2个非重音节组成 例如：oút ōf thē; eńdle?sl?; Hére wē gō; mérr?l? Anapest 抑抑扬格 is composed of 2 unstressed and 1 stressed syllables 由2个非重音节和1个重音节组成 例如：likē thē wólf; w?th a leáp Spondee 扬扬格 is composed of 2 stres