Projects and the Problem of Context的项目和上下文的问题.pptVIP

The Problem of Context Talk by Andy Blunden 23rd February 2011 Michael Cole’s investigation of learning in context Michael Cole “cultural differences in cognition reside more in the situations to which particular cognitive processes are applied than in the existence of a [cognitive] process in one cultural group and its absence in the other.” Michael Cole What was it about the context which rendered the actions meaningful and how could differences in cultural context be overcome? Michael Cole “As often as not the most visible consequence of schooling was alienation of the young from their parents and from the community’s traditional forms of economic life” What is Context? Bronfenbrenner’s idea of context microsystem mesosystem exosystem macrosystem What is Context? Rene van der Veer context is: “... not just the physical and socioeconomical environment with all the possibilities and tools that it affords but also ... the intellectual environment in the sense of available ideas, traditions of thinking, and so on. The physical, technological, socioeconomical, and intellectual environments and their complex interdependency determine the individual’s possibilities.” What is Context? Rene van der Veer “what may be an inhospitable environment for one organism may be an El Dorado for another.” What is Context? Vygotsky “in a perezhivanie we are always dealing with an indivisible unity of personal characteristics and situational characteristics, which are represented in the perezhivanie.” What is Context? Mike Cole “1. There is a basic unit common to the analysis of both cultures’ and individuals’ psychological processes. 2. This unit consists of an individual engaged in goal-directed activity under conventionalized constraints. This unit is variously designated as ‘activity’, a ‘task’, an ‘event’. ....” Conceptions of Contextfrom other currents Environment Everything is … Conceptions of Contextfrom other currents Tradition Motivates Develops Restricts Conceptions of Con