高中化学个精讲 金属的冶炼（ fine lectures on high school chemistry smelting of metals）.docVIP

高中化学58个精讲 (38) 金属的冶炼（58 fine lectures on high school chemistry (38) smelting of metals） Test site 38 smelting of metals 1. review the key points 1. the chemical principle of metal smelting and the basic method of metal smelting; 2. important role of metal recycling and resource protection, The 3. point is to examine the basic methods of metal smelting. 2. difficulties focus First, the existence of metals in nature: 1. free state Chemically inactive metals can exist as free form in nature, such as Au, Ag, Pt, Cu 2. chemical combination Chemically active metals that exist in nature in the form of chemical compounds such as Al, Na Explanation: a small number of metals exist in nature in free form, while most metals exist in a composite form in nature Two. Smelting of metals: 1. the essence of metal smelting The metal cation in a metal compound is reduced to electrons by reduction Mn+ + ne- = M 2. major steps in metal smelting: Ore enrichment Objective: to remove impurities and increase the content of the useful constituents of the ore; Smelting Objective: to obtain metallic simple substance Principle: by using the principle of oxidation-reduction reaction, under certain conditions, the metal ion in metal ore is reduced into metallic single substance by reducing agent Refining Objective: to improve the purity of metals 3. general methods of metal smelting: According to the liveliness of metals (1) thermal decomposition method: Scope of application: inactive metal Ag----Au Such as: 2Ag2O==4Ag + O2 = 2HgO==2Hg + O2 = (2) reduction method: Scope of application: more lively metal Zn----Cu Such as: Fe2O3 + 3CO, ==2Fe + 3CO2 Cr2O3+2Al ==2Cr +Al2O3 Commonly used reducing agents: C, CO, H2 and active metals, such as aluminum The thermit reaction is also known as the thermal reduction process [thinking] what method should be used if the smelting of very active metals can not be reduced by thermal reduction? 3. electrolysis: Scope of application: lively metal K----- Al Such as: 2