法律知识导读第十五单元 The Republic.ppt

Unit 15 The Republic 《理想国》 Lead-in 《理想国》，又译作《国家篇》、《共和国》，是古希腊著名哲学家柏拉图（Plato 公元前427-公元前347年）重要的对话体著作之一。它是以苏格拉底为主角用对话体写成，共分为10卷。这部“哲学大全”不仅是柏拉图对自己前此哲学思想的概括和总结，而且是当时各门学科的综合，它探讨了哲学、政治、伦理道德、教育、文艺等等各方面的问题，以理念论为基础，建立了一个系统的理想国家方案。它是西方政治思想传统的最具代表性的作品，通过苏格拉底与他人的对话，给后人展现了一个完美优越的城邦。 The Republic ------The Republic is a Socratic dialogue written by Plato around 380 BC concerning the definition of justice and the order and character of the just city-state and the just man. It is Platos best-known work and has proven to be one of the most intellectually and historically influential works of philosophy and political theory. Contents the meaning of justice issue of whether or not the just man is happier than the unjust man; the nature of existing regimes. ★ The roles in the book also discuss the theory of forms, the immortality of the soul, and the roles of the philosopher in society. Topics Definition of Justice: (At the end of Book I) Justice includes helping friends, but says the just man would never do harm to anybody. (At the beginning of Book II) Platos two brothers challenge Socrates to define justice in the man. Socrates points of view on justice: He defines justice as working at that which he is naturally best suited, and to do ones own business and not to be a busybody“, and justice is the cause and condition of their existence. He separates people into three types: soldier, producer, ruler. Justice is the result of a well ordered soul. Human tendency to be corrupted by power leads down the road to timocracy, oligarchy, democracy and tyranny. (In Books V-VI) the abolition of riches among the guardian class (not unlike Max Webers bureaucracy) leads controversially to the abandonment of the typical family. (In Books VII-X) support of Platos criticism of the forms of government. (timocracy, oligarchy, democracy and tyranny) Theory of Universals Allegory of the cave with which he explains his concept of The Forms to answer the problem of universals