肿瘤学总论课件_1.ppt

肿瘤学总论 西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院 肿瘤外科 ＝恶性肿瘤真的很要命 Heart Diseases Cancer Cerebrovascular Diseases Chronic Obstructive Lung Diseases Accidents Pneumonia Influenza Diabetes Mellitus Suicide Homicide HIV Infection Leading causes of death 肿瘤流行病学 Adapted from Greenlee RT, et al. CA Cancer J Clin. 2000:50;22. Male cancer statistics Adapted from Greenlee RT, et al. CA Cancer J Clin. 2000;50:16. Estimated incidence Estimated deaths Melanoma of skin Oral cavity pharynx Lung bronchus Pancreas Kidney renal pelvis Colon rectum Prostate Urinary bladder Leukemia Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma All others 4% 3% 14% 2% 3% 10% 29% 6% 3% 5% 19% Esophagus Lung bronchus Pancreas Liver intrahepatic bile duct Stomach Colon rectum Prostate Urinary bladder Leukemia Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma All others 3% 31% 5% 3% 3% 10% 11% 3% 4% 5% 22% Oncology Epidemiology Female cancer statistics Adapted from Greenlee RT, et al. CA Cancer J Clin. 2000;50:16. 2% 15% 25% 5% 2% 11% 5% 2% 5% 4% 2% 21% Melanoma of skin Thyroid Breast Lung bronchus Pancreas Colon rectum Ovary Uterine corpus Urinary bladder Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma All others 3% 2% 30% 12% 2% 11% 4% 6% 2% 4% 22% Brain other nervous system Breast Lung bronchus Pancreas Stomach Colon rectum Ovary Uterine corpus Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma Leukemia Multiple myeloma All others Estimated incidence Estimated deaths Oncology Epidemiology 全世界估计每年有900万例肿瘤新发病例，恶性肿瘤为男性第二位死因，女性第三位死因。 我国每年大约有200万人患癌，死亡约140万人，其中60％以上为消化道肿瘤。并且恶性肿瘤的死亡率呈上升趋势，由70年代的84.58/10万上升到90年代的94.36/10万，增长率为11.6% 恶性肿瘤白皮书 通过本章节的学习 明白几个问题 什么是肿瘤？ 肿瘤学的几个基本概念。 肿瘤发生发展的相关因素有哪些？ 肿瘤的主要诊断和治疗手段有那些? 定 义 ！肿瘤是机体中的正常细胞，在不同的始动因素与促进因素长期作用下所产生的增生(hyperplasia)与异常分化(prosoplasia)所形成的新生物(neoplasm)。 tumor, cancer, carcinoma, neoplasm benign、 malignant tumor A tumor or tumour is the name for a swelling or lesion formed by an abnormal growth of cells (termed neoplastic). Tumor is not synonymous with cancer. A tumor can be benign, pre-malignant or malignant, whereas cancer is by definition malignant 。 A car