Atomic Structure Bethlehem Central School Distict原子结构——伯利恒中心学区.pptVIP

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Atomic Structure Bethlehem Central School Distict原子结构——伯利恒中心学区.ppt

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Atomic Structure Bethlehem Central School Distict原子结构——伯利恒中心学区

Atomic Structure Subatomic ParticlesElectrons Located outside of the nucleus in regions called orbitals Are considered to have no mass, they are actually 1/1836 the mass of a proton Have a -1 charge Subatomic ParticlesProtons Located inside of the nucleus Have a mass of 1 atomic mass unit (amu) Have a +1 charge Subatomic ParticlesNeutrons Located inside of the nucleus Have a mass of 1 amu, however they are slightly more massive than a proton Have no charge Particle Chart Nucleons A particle found inside of the nucleus Protons and neutrons are nucleons Nuclide Symbols Other Symbols Sulfur – 32 If you are given this symbol, use the atomic # from the periodic table and assume the charge is 0 Isotopes Isotopes are atoms that have the same atomic # (# of p) but different masses (# of n) Calculating Relative Atomic Masses Atomic Mass = (%)(mass #) + (%)(mass #) + etc. 100 Example: 98.89% of the carbon atoms found, in nature, have a mass of 12. 1.11% of them have a mass of 13. Calculate the relative atomic mass. Ions Cations – positively charged ions # p = 19 # n = 20 # e = 18 Anions – negatively charged ions # p = 6 # n = 8 # e = 10 Cations and Anionson the Period Table You will notice that the majority of cations lie on the left of the bold stairstep line These are the metals (in green) The majority of anions lie on the right of the stairstep line. These are the nonmetals (in orange) Bohr Model Electrons move in circular paths called ORBITS at fixed distances from the nucleus Orbits can be called Principle Energy Levels (PEL). Bohr Model Electrons in orbits (PELs) close to the nucleus have lower energy than electrons farther away from the nucleus. K orbit or the 1st PEL is closest to the nucleus and can hold a maximum of 2 electrons. Bohr Model L orbit or the 2nd PEL is 2nd closest to the nucleus and can hold a maximum of 8 electrons. M orbit or the 3rd PEL is closest to the nucleus and can hold a maximum of 18 electrons. Bohr Mod