Lectue 2 Radio Wave Propagation KTH V#228;lkommen till KTH讲座2无线电波传播 k V及# 228；lkommen到k.pptVIP

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Lectue 2 Radio Wave Propagation KTH V#228;lkommen till KTH讲座2无线电波传播 k V及# 228；lkommen到k.ppt

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Lectue2RadioWavePropagationKTHV

Lecture 2:Radio Wave Propagation Anders V?stberg 08-790 44 55 vastberg@kth.se Maxwells Equations Maxwells Equations Electrical field lines may either start and end on charges, or are continuous Magnetic field lines are continuous An electric field is produced by a time-varying magnetic field A magnetic field is produced by a time-varying electric field or by a current Radiation Propagation Mechanisms The higher frequency The more radio waves resamble the properties of light At lower frequencies Electrical properties of obstacles are important (but we tend to express these in terms of optical properties) If the wave length is of the same order of magnitude (or larger), diffraction or surface effects dominate Propagation mechanisms When the dimension of the object is: Very Large compared to the wavelength Reflection Larger compared to the wavelength Diffraction Small compared to the wavelength Scattering Very small compared to the wavelength Unaffected Diffraction Propagation between two antennas (not to scale) Free Space Propagation Knife edge loss Effective Earth Radius Fresnel Zones * Only accelerating charges produce radiation [Saunders, 1999] Uniform motion Reversing direction Direction change Osscillating periodic motion [Saunders, 1999] No Ground Wave for Frequencies ~2 MHz No Ionospheric Wave for Frequencies ~30 Mhz [Slimane] Re=8500 km=4/3R0 * * * * *