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POLYMERS Fundamentals of Polymer Technology Thermoplastic Polymers Thermosetting Polymers Elastomers Guide to the Processing of Polymers Polymer A compound consisting of long?chain molecules, each molecule made up of repeating units connected together There may be thousands, even millions of units in a single polymer molecule The word polymer is derived from the Greek words poly, meaning many, and meros (reduced to mer), meaning part Most polymers are based on carbon and are therefore considered organic chemicals Types of Polymers Polymers can be separated into plastics and rubbers As engineering materials, it is appropriate to divide them into the following three categories: Thermoplastic polymers Thermosetting polymers Elastomers where (1) and (2) are plastics and (3) are rubbers Thermoplastic Polymers - Thermoplastics Solid materials at room temperature but viscous liquids when heated to temperatures of only a few hundred degrees This characteristic allows them to be easily and economically shaped into products They can be subjected to heating and cooling cycles repeatedly without significant degradation Symbolized by TP Thermosetting Polymers - Thermosets Cannot tolerate repeated heating cycles as thermoplastics can When initially heated, they soften and flow for molding Elevated temperatures also produce a chemical reaction that hardens the material into an infusible solid If reheated, thermosets degrade and char rather than soften Symbolized by TS Elastomers (Rubbers) Polymers that exhibit extreme elastic extensibility when subjected to relatively low mechanical stress Some elastomers can be stretched by a factor of 10 and yet completely recover to their original shape Although their properties are quite different from thermosets, they share a similar molecular structure that is different from the thermoplastics Market Shares Thermoplastics are commercially the most important of the three types About 70% of the tonnage of all synthetic polymers produced