What is Nuclear Fuion什么是核聚变.ppt

Fusion:Basic Principles, Current Progress and ITER Plans Mohamed Abdou Distinguished Professor, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department Director, Center for Energy Science and Technology Advanced Research (CESTAR) Director, Fusion Science and Technology Center University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Plenary Talk presented at the 9th International Cairo Conference on Energy and Environment What is Nuclear Fusion? Nuclear Fusion is the energy-producing process taking place in the core of the Sun and stars The core temperature of the Sun is about 15 million °C. At these temperatures hydrogen nuclei fuse to give Helium and Energy. The energy sustains life on Earth via sunlight Energy Released by Nuclear Reactions Light nuclei (hydrogen, helium) release energy when they fuse (Nuclear Fusion) The product nuclei weigh less than the parent nuclei Heavy nuclei (Uranium) release energy when they split (Nuclear Fission) The product nuclei weigh less than the original nucleus Energy Released by NuclearFusion and Fission Fusion reactions release much higher energies than Fission reactions Fusion Reactions Deuterium – from water(0.02% of all hydrogen is heavy hydrogen or deuterium) Tritium – from lithium(a light metal common in the Earth’s crust) The World, particularly developing countries, needs a New Energy Source Growth in world population and growth in energy demand from increased industrialisation/affluence will lead to an Energy Gap which will be increasingly difficult to fill with fossil fuels Without improvements in efficiency we will need 80% more energy by 2020 Even with efficiency improvements at the limit of technology we would still need 40% more energy Incentives for Developing Fusion Fusion powers the Sun and the stars It is now within reach for use on Earth In the fusion process lighter elements are “fused” together, making heavier elements and producing prodigious amounts of energy Fusion offers very attractive features: Sustainable energy