组织学与胚胎学课件大脑小脑间脑.pptVIP

The Cerebellum小脑 Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University Position Lies above and behind the medullar and pons and occupies posterior cranial fossa External features Consists of two cerebellar hemisphere united in the midline by the vermis External features Three peduncles Inferior cerebellar peduncle 小脑下脚 －connect with medulla and with spinal cord, contain both afferent and efferent fibers Middle cerebellar peduncle 小脑中脚－connect with pons, contain afferent fibers Superior cerebellar peduncle 小脑上脚－connect with midbrain, contain mostly efferent fibers External features Tonsil of cerebellum 小脑扁桃体 two elevated masses on inferior surface of hemispheral portion just nearby foramen magnum Lobs Two deep fissures Primary fissure 原裂 Posterolateral fissure 后外侧裂 Three lobs Flocculonodular lobe 绒球小结叶 flocculus and nodule Anterior lobe Posterior lobe Lobs Internal structures Gray matter Cerebellar cortex Cerebellar nuclei Dentate nucleus 齿状核 Fastigial nucleus 顶核 Interposed nucleus 中间核 Emboliform nucleus 栓状核 Globose nucleus球状核 White matter－medullary center 髓体 Internal structures Three functional divisions Vestibulocerebellum 前庭小脑 Archicerebellum 原小脑 Flocculonodular lobe Spinocerebellum 脊髓小脑 Paleocerebellum旧小脑 Vermis and intermediate zone Cerebrocerebellum 大脑小脑 Neocerebellum 新小脑 Lateral zone Connections and function of cerebellum Vestibulocerebellum Connections Afferents: receive input from vestibular nuclei and primary vestibular Efferents: projects to the vestibular nucleus → vestibulospinal tract and medial longitudinal fasciculus → motor neurons of anterior horn Function: involved in eye movements and maintain balance Connections and function of cerebellum Spinocerebellum Connnection Afferents: receive somatic sensory information via spinocerebellar tracts Efferents: Vermis projects to the fastigial nucleus → vestibular nuclei and reticul