高一英语现在完成时的被动语态课件_新课标_人教版.pptVIP

* * 1构成： 主动语态 被动语态 现在完成时 have/has done He has been sent to study the new technology in the company. The dirty clothes have not been washed. Have the windows been cleaned? How many shopping centers have been built in this city? The Present Perfect Passive Voice 　　（现在完成时的被动语态） have/has been done 2. 只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词（词组）没有被动语态, 如:happen, take place, die, appear, disappear, fail, remain, lie, last, sit , stand, break out, come true, belong to等．如： What has happened to your brother? 3．但许多不及物动词加介词或副词构成的短语 动词，相当于及物 动词，也可以有被动语态。 但短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，变为被动 语态时，不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词。如： eg 1) The child has been taken good care of by Grandma Wang all these years. A notice has been put up on the wall. 1) 现在完成时(have/has + 过去分词) 现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现在的情况。现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去时间的状语连用, 如: yesterday, two weeks ago, in 1978, when I got there 等, 现在完成时常与 already, ever, never, yet, not...yet，recently, lately等不表示明确的时间副词连用 还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带since, for 的状语及包括现在在内的词连用, 如: now, today, this month, this year, recently, these few days, in the past years 等。 一般过去时则是表示过去某时发生的动作 或情况, 与现在毫无关系。 现在完成进行时 (have/has + been + doing） 表示在过去某一时刻开始一直持续到 现在的动作，这一动作可能刚完成， 也可能仍在进行 注意: 副词的位置 often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。如: [误] Such a man has been hardly believed. [正] Such a man has hardly been believed. (1) 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 如: Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。 (不知道电脑是谁偷的) 　　 This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。 被动语态的用法: (2) 强调动作的承受者, 而不强调动作的执行者。 如: The window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。 　　 This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。 (1) 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2) 把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) 　 (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。　 主动语态变被动语态的方法 (3) 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语, 将主格改为宾格。例如： 　 All the people laughed at him. 　 He was laughed at by all people. 　 They make the bikes in the