利用蚕豆根尖微核技术检测武汉南湖水质污染状况.doc

利用蚕豆根尖微核技术检测武汉南湖水质污染状况 冷 明，肖 猛，方海龙，张 轩，刘 虹 * ( 中南民族大学生命科学学院，南方少数民族地区生物资源保护与综合利用联合工程中心，湖北武汉 430074) 摘要 ［目的］研究南湖不同片区的水质污染程度和总体水质对生物的危害程度。［方法］利用蚕豆根尖微核技术对武汉市南湖水域具有代表性的21 个水样进行动态监测和评价。［结果］与阴性对照组根尖的微核率相比，试验组各处理的根尖微核率都有明显升高，并根 据季节和地点呈一定的周期性变化规律: 夏、秋季比冬、春季节的污染大; 靠近学校、居民区湖区比人口较少地段的湖区污染大。［结论］南湖水质较差，整个湖区为中度以上污染，应及时加以治理。 关键词 蚕豆根尖; 微核检测; 南湖; 水质污染 中图分类号 X131．2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517 －6611( 2012) 04 －02485 －02 Study on the Detection of Water Pollution of the South Lake in Wuhan Using Root Tip Micronucleus of Vicia fabaLENG Ming et al ( Engineering Research Centre for the Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Ethnic Area of Southern Chi-na，College of life Science，South-Central University for Nationalities，Wuhan，Hubei 430074)Abstract ［Objective］ The aim was to study the harm degree of water pollution degree and theoverall quality of water in different areas of theSouth Lake to living beings． ［Methods］Using root tip micronucleus technique，the dynamic monitoring and evaluation were carried out for 21representative water samples in the South Lake of Wuhan． ［Result］Comparing with the ratio of micronucleus of negative experimental group，the micronucleus ratio of root tip of each treatment of test group raised obviously and varied with the season and location changed，namely，thepollution state was more serious in summer and autumn than spring and winter． The total data which reflected pollution degree of the waterwhich collected in university and residential areas were higher obviously than those of the water collected in other few people locations． ［Con-clusion］ The water quality of the South Lake was poorer，and the whole lake areas showed moderate pollution，thus，we should processin time． Key words Root tip of Vicia faba; Micronucleus monitoring; The South Lake; Water pollution 植物微核技术可以直接反映污染物对生物遗传物质的影响，所谓微核( micronucleus，MN) ，即细胞中除有一个正常的细胞核外，还可以看到与核着色相同、大小不等，完全与主核分开 的圆形或椭圆形的微小核［1］。植物微核技术测定的是细胞染色体受损伤的程度，它更接近污染物对生物和人类的危害状况，具有化学监测和物理监测不能达到的效果。一般的化学监 测只能表达某类或某种物质的量化指标，而这些物质的危害程度则不