透视高考试题解读if引起虚拟条件句.docVIP

透视高考试题解读if引起虚拟条件句 　　【用法解读】 　　一、 与现在事实相反 　　if从句表示与现在事实相反的假设，主句暗含与现在事实相反的结果。 　　例如：If they were here, they would help you. （言外之意： They are not here, so they can’t help you.） 如果他们在这儿，会帮助你的。 　　二、 与过去事实相反 　　if从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句暗含与过去事实相反的结果。 　　例如：If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it. （言外之意：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.） 如果他昨天来的话，我会把这件事告诉他的。 　　【考例】 （2012山东卷 30） If we adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful. 　　A. haven’t made B. wouldn’t make C. didn’t make D. hadn’t made 　　【点拨】 D。根据主句的would have done形式看出主句是表示与过去事实相反的结果，所以从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，因此从句谓语动词用过去完成时，表示事实上“做了充分的准备”，因此有了“会议很成功的结果”。故选D。 　　三、 与将来事实相反 　　表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想, if从句表示与将来事实相反的假设，主句暗含与将来事实相反的结果。 　　例如：If you succeeded (should succeed / were to succeed), everything would be all right. 如果你将来成功了，一切都会好的。 　　【考例】 （2009天津卷8） This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. 　　A. would B. should C. could D. might 　　【点拨】 B。“这个打印机质量良好”是一般现在时，表示事实的情况，因此打印机在将来坏的可能性是很小的。根据后面句子主句的谓语动词用would do形式看出表示与将来事实相反，所以if从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，意思是“如果第一年内它坏了”，此处的should表示有一种商家的责任和保证在内，表示“它不应该在一年内就坏”。故选B。 　　四、 虚拟条件句的省略与倒装 　　在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式，如果是否定句，通常not不可以置于前面，需置于主语之后。 　　例如：Had he known her address, he would have gone to visit her. =If he had known her address, he would have gone to visit her. 如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的。 　　Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. = If it should rain tomorrow, we should not go climbing. 要是明天下雨，我们就不去爬山了。 　　【考例】 （2012浙江卷 19） Had they known what was coming next, they _______ second thoughts. 　　A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had 　　【点拨】 D。主句部分的Had they known what was coming next = If they had known what was coming next, 可以看出是与过去事实相反的假设，根据主从句的谓语动词的对应关系看出D正确。句意是：要是他们知道之后会发生什么，他们可能会再三思考的。 　　五、 错综时间条件句 　　当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。 　　例如：If you had not been strict with me when I was yo