CMMI1.3《需求开发》翻译.doc

目 次 Purpose 目的 1 Introductory Notes 简介 1 Related Process Areas 相关过程域 5 Specific Goal and Practice Summary 特定目标和实践摘要 6 Specific Practices by Goal 各特定目标的特定实践 6 SG 1 Develop Customer Requirements 开发客户需求 6 SP 1.1 Elicit Needs 引出需要 7 SP 1.2 Transform Stakeholder Needs into Customer Requirements 将相关干系人的需要转化为客户需求 9 SG 2 Develop Product Requirements 开发产品需求 10 SP 2.1 Establish Product and Product Component Requirements 建立产品或产品组件需求 11 SP 2.2 Allocate Product Component Requirements 分配产品组件需求 13 SP 2.3 Identify Interface Requirements 识别接口需求 15 SG 3 Analyze and Validate Requirements 分析并确认需求 16 SP 3.1 Establish Operational Concepts and Scenarios 建立操作概念和场景 17 SP 3.2 Establish a Definition of Required Functionality and Quality Attributes 建立必要的功能和质量特性定义 19 SP 3.3 Analyze Requirements 分析需求 20 SP 3.4 Analyze Requirements to Achieve Balance 分析需求以取得平衡 22 SP 3.5 Validate Requirements 确认需求 23 REQUIREMENTS DEVELOPMENT 需求开发 An Engineering Process Area at Maturity Level 3 成熟度3 级的工程类过程域 Purpose 目的 The purpose of Requirements Development (RD) is to elicit, analyze, and establish customer, product, and product component requirements. 需求开发（RD）的目的是引出、分析并建立顾客、产品及产品组件的需求。 Introductory Notes 简介 This process area describes three types of requirements: customer requirements, product requirements, and product component requirements. Taken together, these requirements address the needs of relevant stakeholders, including needs pertinent to various product lifecycle phases (e.g., acceptance testing criteria) and product attributes (e.g., responsiveness, safety, reliability, maintainability). Requirements also address constraints caused by the selection of design solutions (e.g., integration of commercial off-the-shelf products, use of a particular architecture pattern). 本过程域描述了三类需求：客户需求、产品需求和产品组件需求。综合来看，这些需求标识了相关干系人的需要，包括与各产品生命周期阶段有关的需要（如验收测试标准）以及与产品属性有关的需要（如响应能力、安全性、可靠性、可维护性）。这些需求同时也标识了由于所选设计方案带来的约束（如集成商业产品、使用特殊的架构模式）。 All development projects have requirements. Requirements are the basis for design. T