初中现在完成时态与语态.docVIP

表格式现在完成时 现在完成时特点 要点内容 现在完成时概念 过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 现在完成时标志语 already, yet, just, before， so far,for+一段时间）recently, in the past few years still, lately, often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion ， now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year，today, up to present, 谓语动词的时态构成 have/has (主语是三单)+ done 谓语动词语态构成形式 have/has +been + done 温馨提示（重要考点） 1.现在完成时不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。 2.现在完成时常见两种句型： ①主语＋have / has been＋for短语 ② It is＋一段时间＋ since从句 考点：补充拓展 表示短暂意义的动词：come, arrive, leave, begin, start, buy, die, join, finish, end, fall in等可以用完成时，但是不能表示过去已开始，持续到现在的完成时，不和for+时间段，since+过去时间，但可以表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词中的短暂性的动词。 (肯定句：非延续性动词不和for+时间段，since+过去时间连用，但是否定句和疑问句不受限制。) He has arrived here. 不能说：He has arrived here for ten minutes (since ten minutes ago ) 可以说：He has been here for ten minutes (since ten minutes ago ) It is ten minutes since he arrived here. 可以说： He hasn’t arrived here for ten minutes (since ten minutes ago ). Has he been here for ten minutes (since ten minutes ago )? He has died two years ago.(用since或者for改写句子) 短暂性： 延续性： arrive,come ，go →→→ be here, be in begin,start → → be on buy → → ----- have die → → be dead join → → be a member of (be in ) leave → → be away finish ,end → → be over fall ill → → be ill begin to do-- → → -- be done borrow，lend → → ----- keep become----- → → be get up--- → → -be up / open (V.)-- → → → -be open (adj.) close -→-→--→be closed 五、 现在完成时 1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 2.标志词：already, yet, just, before, so farfor+一段时间