专四完型填空.doc

完形填空的每一个空格都不是孤立存在的，它是整个篇章的一部分，与上下文有着明显或微妙的关系，因此在选择时就要考虑到各选项与上下文的联系。通常这种联系或关系为考生做出正确选择提供了各种线索，比如语义逻辑、语法框架、词汇搭配及词义的应用和概念，还有些是非语言性的一些知识等。? ? 　　1. 语义线索：在完形填空中，某些项的选择可以根据“语义”来决定，既已有的词或句子的语义决定着必须选择某个选项，否则整个文章的语义逻辑就不通，内容就与作者的原意不一致。? 　　2. 语法线索：指所填入的词与上下文可能发生的语法方面的联系。? 　　3. 词汇线索：有些完形填空要填入的词与上下文其他词有各种联系，文中的词往往在词义上或搭配上决定了应填入的词。? 　　4. 概念线索：在完形填空题的上下文中，有时会出现一些词与空格内需要填的词同指一个人或事物，甚至可以在上下文中找到应填的同一个词。? 　　5. 语篇线索：有时完形填空的各选项同为表示一定逻辑关系或承接关系的词或词组。选项同为单词时首先看四个选项是否词性相同。若连词、副词混杂，先分析原句成分是否完整，可参考标点符号或其他连词的存在。确定所需的词性后，再判断逻辑题在原文中所涉及的范围。有时只是几个词之间的关系。常出现在完形填空部分的逻辑关系表示方式有连词、副词、语气词及插入语、词组（介词词组）等。? 　　6. 超语言线索：在完形填空考题中，有时不是利用以上几种线索便可以决定选项，这时往往要根据自己对试题内容的有关背景知识的了解来决定填入的选项。 It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the (31) __ pace of modem life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters (32) ___ the wheel. It is all very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the drivers seat is (33) ___ matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the (34) ___ to the rule. Perhaps the situation (35) ___ a Be Kind to Other Drivers campaign,(36) __ it may get completely (37) ____?????? Road politeness is not only good manners, but good (38) ____ too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to (39) ____ the temptation to revenge when (40) ___ to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards (41) __ the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in (42)___ to an act of politeness helps to (43) __ an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modem traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too (44) __ today. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.?????? (45)___, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes (46) __ to allow a car