（含口咽及下咽）_4 結腸直腸癌3 肺癌2 肝癌1 癌症死亡原因順位男性卵巢课件.pptVIP

* Chapter 2 Genetics and Cancer Figure 24.1 Estimated number of new cases and deaths from specific types of cancer in the United States in 1997. 2006年台灣十大死因 2006年台灣主要癌症死亡率 鼻咽癌 10 非何杰金淋巴癌 9 胰臟癌 8 攝護腺癌 7 食道癌 6 胃 癌 5 口腔癌(含口咽及下咽) 4 結腸直腸癌 3 肺 癌 2 肝 癌 1 癌症死亡原因 順位 男性 卵巢癌 10 膽囊癌 9 非何杰金淋巴癌 8 胰臟癌 7 子宮頸癌 6 胃 癌 5 女性乳癌 4 結腸直腸癌 3 肝 癌 2 肺 癌 1 癌症死亡原因 順位 女性 資料來源:行政院衛生署 2006年台灣地區主要癌症死亡原因 Benign tumor: Tumor cells do not invade the surrounding tissues. Malignant tumor: Cells detach from a tumor and invade the surrounding tissues, i.e. metastasis. Carcinogens: Agents such as radiation, mutagenic chemicals, and certain types of viruses can transform normal cells into cancerous cells. Figure 24.2 A schematic view of the START checkpoint in the mammalian cell cycle. Passage through the checkpoint depends on the activity of the cyclinD/CDK4 protein complex. CDK: cyclin-dependent kinase Checkpoint: A mechanism that halts progression through the cycle until a critical process such as DNA synthesis is completed, or until damaged DNA is repaired. In tumor cells, checkpoints in the cell cycle are typically deregulated. Mid-G1 phase Cancer is caused by genetic malfunctions The cancerous state is clonally inherited. The cancerous condition is transmitted from each cell to its daughters at the time of cell division. Certain types of viruses can induce the formation of tumors in experimental animal, indicating that viral genes are involved in the transformation process. Cancers can be induced by mutagenic agents that cause mutations of genes. Certain types of cancer tend to run in families, e.g. retinoblastoma and colon cancers. Certain type of leukemias and lymphomas are associated with particular chromosomal aberrations. Tumor-Inducing Retroviruses and