建立世界贸易组织的马拉喀什协议.docxVIP

建立世界贸易组织的马拉喀什协议《建立世界贸易组织的马拉喀什协议》（Marrakech Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization，WTO Agreement），简称《建立世界贸易组织的协议》是关贸总协定乌拉圭回合谈判达成的协议，1995年1月1日生效。根据该协议成立了世界贸易组织。它由序言、正文16条和4个附件组成。协议的主要内容是：1、阐述了世界贸易组织的宗旨；2、规定了世界贸易组织的多边贸易规则范围、职能；3、规定了世界贸易组织的机构、地位及与其他国际组织的关系；4、规定了世界贸易组织的预算和会费原则；5、规定了世界贸易组织的决策程序和要求；6、规定了对《建立世界贸易组织的协议》及其附件的修订原则和程序；7、对成员资格、加入、特定成员之间互不适用多边贸易协议、以及接受、生效和保存、退出等作了程序性规定。协议的宗旨是提高世界范围内人民的生活水平，保证充分就业和大幅度稳步提高实际收入和有效需求，扩大货物与服务的生产和贸易，为持续发展之目的扩大对世界资源的充分利用，保护和维护环境，并以符合不同经济发展水平下各自需要的方式，加强采取各种相应的措施，确保发展中国家，尤其是最不发达国家，在国际贸易增长中获得与其经济发展需要相应的份额。有4个附件：附件一包括：（1）多边货物贸易协议，即1994年关税与贸易总协定及其12个配套协议（农业协议、纺织品与服装协议、实施卫生与植物卫生措施的协议、技术性贸易壁垒协议、与贸易有关的投资措施协议、海关估价协议、装运前检验协议、原产地规则协议、进口许可程序协议、反倾销协议、补贴与反补贴措施协议、保障措施协议）；（2）服务贸易总协定；（3）与贸易有关的知识产权协定。附件二是关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解。附件三是贸易政策审议机制。附件四是4个诸边贸易协议，即：国际牛肉协议、国际奶制品协议、政府采购协议、民用航空器贸易协议。What are the main provisions of this Agreement?The objective of the countries that signed the Marrakesh Agreement was to create an integrated multilateral trading system encompassing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the results of all the trade rounds (including the Uruguay Round) that had been conducted since the GATT was signed in 1947. The Marrakesh Agreement:established the WTO and states that it will serve as the basic framework for trade relations among all WTO member countries on matters covered by the WTO agreements;defines the functions of the WTO, which include: 1) reviewing the operation and implementation of all WTO agreements; 2) administering the WTOs dispute settlement process; 3) providing a forum for further trade negotiations; and 4) working with other international organizations (such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund) to achieve greater coherence in global economic policy-making;provides for the organizational and administrative structure of the WTO;requires the WTO to hold a Ministerial Conference at least once every two years, where trade ministers from WTO member countries meet to assess the implementatio