临床药学发展的利相关者研究.docVIP

临床药学发展的利益相关者研究 胡明 蒲剑 蒋学华* 四川大学华西药学院 成都 610041 摘要：目的：分析临床药学发展的利益相关者，以探讨相应发展策略和措施。方法：采用专家咨询调查法对临床药学发展的利益相关者、利益要求和利益实现方式进行评价，采用聚类分析等方法进行利益相关者的归类和提取。结果:专家从主动性、重要性、紧急性三个维度对临床药学发展利益相关者进行了评分，高校专家组、实践管理专家组和实践专家组对临床药学发展利益相关者的评价基本一致。结论：临床药学发展的核心利益相关者群体有医院药房、协会、药师和药学院校，蛰伏型利益相关群体有政府部门和医院决策部门；医师和护士则是边缘型利益相关者。各利益群体利益要求侧重不同，应针对这些利益相关群体的特点分别采取措施。 关键词：临床药学 利益相关者 专家咨询 利益要求 聚类分析 Stakeholder Analysis on the development of clinical phamacy HU MING, PU JIAN, JIANG XUEHUA West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE To analysis the stakeholders of clinical pharmacy and developing corresponding measures of developing clinical pharmacy. METHODS Investigation based on Delphi method were conducted to evaluated and analysis the stakeholders of clinical pharmacy and their profit demands. RESULTS A multi-dimension analysis were conducted by experts, including initiative, importance and urgency dimension. There were no different between the experts group of pharmacy educators, practice management of clinical pharmacy and clinical pharmacy practioners. CONCLUSION The core stakeholder groups include hospital pharmacy, associations, pharmacists and pharmacy colleges. Hibernating stakeholder groups include government and hospital decision make department. Doctors and nurses are marginal type stakeholder groups. Each stakeholder group has different request, so should take different measure to different group. KEY WORDS：Clinical pharmacy; Force field analysis; Delphi method; Factor analysis; 临床药学是医院药学发展的必然趋势，是营造合理用药氛围，保障人们合理用药的重要环节。经过多年探索与实践，我国临床药学发展的必要性、重要性已初步得到共识。但就像任何一项卫生项目的实施一样，临床药学的发展和具体工作的开展受很多利益相关群体的影响，也将会对很多群体产生影响。 利益相关者理论（Stakeholder theory）自1963年由斯坦福研究院的学者提出。概括地说，利益相关者（Stakeholder）是任何能够影响组织/项目目标的实现或受这种实现影响的团体和个体[1]。根据利益相关者理论，项目（或企业、组织）的发展前景，有赖于项目管理者对公众不断变化的期望的满足程度，也就是说依赖于管理者对利益相关者利益要求的回应质量[2]。因此，可通过利益相关者研究，界定一个项目的利益相关者，对利益相关者进行分类，进而根据利益相关者的地位属性及其利益要求制定相应策略。 本研究采用利益相关者分析理论分析可能对临床药学发展有重要影响的利益相关者，评价各利益相关者对临床药学发展的影响程度，分析各利益相关者的利益要求和利益实现方式，进而探讨推动临床药学发展的策略和措施。 1