明代文化（英文）.pptVIP

Ming Dynasty China 1368-1644 History Literature: drama and novels Neo-Confucianist Thought Yuan Dynasty 1279-1365 Reign of Mongols Strong Leaders Best years 1279-1294 with Kubilai Khan Rebellions began in 1330’s and 1340’s with White Lotus Society Natural Disasters Banditry and rebellion out Khan to Mongolia Ming Dynasty: History 1368-1644 Hung Wu (1368-1396) Nanking and Beijing Monk, rebel, then Emperor of Ming Tributaries K’e t’ow 40 states – Korea to Java Gov’t purges on 1380, 1393 1380, abolishes Imperial Secretariat, continues corporal punishment (Mongolian) Ming Dynasty: History Dynastic Cycle Yung Lo (1403-1424) Naval Expeditions (1405-1433) Cheng Ho Ships SE Asia, Calicut, E Africa R.E.S.P.E.C.T. Consolidation/Isolation Captial to Beijing Tamerlane Military and religious campaigns to Mongolia Ming Dynasty: History Middle Kingdom Center, Golden Mean Weak emperors saved by Confucian system Tests Improved agriculture Compulsory National Service Cotton Ming Dynasty; History Commerce Trade grows (expeditions) Money as exchange Merchant guilds rise in power 1st Major Step toward Industrialization some shops employ several hundred workers Silk = $$$$$ Ming Dynasty: History Innovations not seen in Europe Improved mechanical looms Woodblock printing in 5 colors New type of print developed Refined sugar for the wealthy Suspension bridges using iron chains (Europe – 1800’s) Population at end – 130 million Ming Dynasty: Science Medicine Materia Medica Li Shih-chen 26 year project 1578 Compilation describing almost 2000 animal, mineral, and herbal drugs; over 8000 prescriptions, etc. Ming Dynasty: Literature Peak during Ming Dynasty Prosemetric Performed as Chinese Opera Verse sections in form of songs , accopanied by instruments Story of the Western Wing – Hsi Hsiang Chi The Peony Pavilion -T’ang Xianzhu(Hsientsu) Ming’s Shakespeare (1550-1616) Ming Dynasty - Literature Novels Rising urban middle class increased readership and demand for fiction Written in vern