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First Derivative and Graph:阶导数图.ppt
12.1 First Derivative and Graph Example 1: Estimate the derivative graphically At x = -3, f’(-3) = -3/-2 = 3/2 (down 3, left 2)- or use slope formula At x = -2.5, f’ (-2.5) = 0 slope of a horizontal line At x = 1, f’ (1) = -1 (approximate) At x = 2.5, f’(2.5) = ? (approximate) To find the derivative at a certain point graphically, draw the tangent line at that point, then find the slope of the tangent line Example 2: Find the derivative f(x) = x2 + 1 Since f’(x) = 2x therefore f’(-2) = -4 f’(-1) = -2 f’(0) = 0 f’(1) = 2 f’(2) = 4 F(x) F’(x) What can you conclude about the relationship between the graph of f(x) and the sign of f’(x)? What can you conclude about the relationship between the graph of f(x) and the sign of f’(x) Note: If f is increasing: f’(x) 0 If f is decreasing: f’(x) 0 Example 3 Given the function f(x) = x2 - 6x + 10 A) Which values of x correspond to a horizontal tangent line (hint: let f’ = 0). f’(x) = 2x – 6 = 0 x = 3 B) For which values of x is f(x) increasing? Decreasing? To do this, we have to locate all points where f’=0 or f’ is discontinuous. * From part A, we found out that x = 3 for f’(x)=0. * Next, test some numbers on the left of 3 and on the right of 3 (or look at the graph of f(x) to find the interval where f is increasing or decreasing). x 1 2 3 4 5 f’(x) -4 -2 0 2 4 Left of 3 Right of 3 3 0 - - - - - - - + + + + + Therefore, f is decreasing on (-∞, 3) and increasing on (3, ∞) C) Sketch a graph of f = x2 - 6x + 10 X F(x) =x2 - 6x + 10 1 5 2 2 3 1 important point 4 2 5 5 Definition: Critical values The values of x in the domain of f where f’(x)=0 or where f’(x) does not exist are called the critical values of f. The critical values of f are always in the domain of f. Thus, to find the critical values, set f’(x) =0, then solve for x. Also, find the points of the discontinuity. If these values are in the domain of f(x), then they are cr
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