不同人群地营养LifeCycleNutrition.ppt

不同人群的营养 Life Cycle Nutrition 1. Nutrition During Pregnancy The Physiology of Pregnancy Hormones changes Gastrointestinal changes Delay in gastric empty Decreased gastric acidity Digestive discomforts morning sickness, heart burn Cardiovascular system Blood volume increases by 50% Increase in cardiac output Decrease in albumin concentration Renal function changes weight gain Recommend Weight Gain During Pregnancy The nutritional needs of pregnancy During pregnancy, a woman’s nutrient intake and body stores must provide all the nutrients needs to support the growth and development of the baby while continuing to meet the mother’s needs. Energy A typical pregnancy has been estimated to require an additional 55000 kcalories. Additional 200 kcal/day during the second and third trimesters. Protein Protein needs are also increased during pregnancy to provide for RNI: + 5g/d 1st trimester +15g/d 2nd trimester +20g/d 3rd trimester Minerals Calcium Pregnant women absorb more of the calcium they consume and lose less calcium in the urine than do nonpregnant women. The fetus retains about 30 grams of calcium over the course of gestation. Most of the calcium is deposited in the last trimester when the fetal skeleton is growing most rapidly and the teeth are forming. RNI 800mg 1st trimester 1000mg 2nd trimester 1200mg 3rd trimester food source: milk and dairy products Iron Iron deficiency anemia low birth weight preterm delivery Babies born prematurely may not have had time to accumulate sufficient iron, but babies born at term usually have adequate iron even if the mother is deficient. RNI 15mg 1st trimester