小儿肾病综合征并发低钠血症的临床观察和护理分析好文档.docVIP

小儿肾病综合征并发低钠血症的临床观察和护理分析 【摘要】目的 分析探讨小儿肾病综合征并发低钠血症的临床观察和护理方法，总结其护理效果及经验。方法 选取我院2008年2月至2010年2月110例原发性肾病综合征并发低钠血症的患儿，对其临床病历资料进行回顾性分析，均给予系统观察及相应的护理干预，分析其护理结果。结果 110例患儿中，出现低钠血症79例，轻度30例，中度26例，重度21例，极重度2例，治疗护理前后低钠血症严重程度对比差异显著（p＜0.05），具有统计学意义。结论小儿肾病综合征并发低钠血症的临床症状存在个体差异，需要对其进行系统的观察及严密的监护，做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗，并给予相应的护理干预，对提高其治愈率有重要的临床意义。 【关键词】小儿肾病综合征 低钠血症 护理干预 【abstract】objective to analyze the study in children with nephrotic syndrome, hyponatremia clinical observation and care to summarize the results and experience in nursing. methods our hospital from february 2008 to february 2010 110 cases of primary nephrotic syndrome in children with hyponatremia, the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed medical records were given to systematic observation and appropriate nursing intervention to analyze the results of their care. results 110 cases of children, hyponatremia in 79 cases, 30 cases of mild, moderate in 26 cases, 21 cases of severe, very severe in 2 cases, treatment and care before and after comparing the severity of hyponatremia significantly different (p 0.05), with statistical significance. conclusion children with nephrotic syndrome, the clinical symptoms of hyponatremia there are individual differences, need to be systematic observation and rigorous monitoring, so that early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment, and appropriate nursing interventions to improve the cure rate has important clinical significance. 【key words】in children with nephrotic syndrome hyponatremia nursing intervention 肾病综合征是儿科常见疾病，病程迁延且易反复发作，常伴有水钠潴留及低钾血症，但在治疗过程中大量应用利尿剂，低钠血症也是常见的并发症[1]，如不积极处理可能会造成低渗性脑病等严重后果，本文介绍肾病综合征患儿并发低钠血症的诊治方法及护理原则，现报告如下： 1 资料和方法 1.1 一般资料 选取我院2008年2月至2010年2月110例原发性肾病综合征并发低钠血症的患儿，男性64例，女性46例，年龄在2~15岁之间，平均6.7±3.6岁，发病至住院时间为4d~4年，所有患者均无低盐饮食史，按照wattede诊断标准，血钠＜135mmol/l为低钠血症，轻度低钠血症：血钠＞125mmol/l，79例；中度低钠血症：血钠120~124mmol/l，30例；重度低钠血症，血钠110~119mmol/l，26例；极度低钠血症：血钠＜110mmol/l，2例。患儿近期出现恶心、呕吐、乏力、头痛、烦躁不安、惊厥甚至昏迷等症状。 1.2 方法 入院后行常规检查，对低钠血症患儿去除诱因，血钠＞120mmol/l者口服钠盐或者静脉滴注0.9%生理盐水，无明显临床症状者给予