自行车道和人行道.pdf

ESTIMATING THE EMPLOYMENT IMPACTS OF PEDESTRIAN, BICYCLE, AND ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE CASE STUDY: BALTIMORE Heidi Garrett-Peltier Political Economy Research Institute University of Massachusetts, Amherst December 2010 In this case study, we estimate the employment im- struction firms involved in infrastructure projects, pacts of various transportation infrastructure pro- jobs are created in the supply chain of these indus- jects in the city of Baltimore. We are particularly tries, which we call ‘indirect jobs.’ These indirect jobs interested in examining the differences in employ- are in industries such as cement manufacturing, sign ment resulting from different project types: those manufacturing, and trucking. Furthermore, as work- that focus on bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure ers in the direct and indirect industries spend their and those that do not. Using an input-output model, earnings, they create demand in industries such as we evaluate project-specific data provided by the City food services and retail establishments, which we of Baltimore. We find that pedestrian and bicycle call the ‘induced effects.’ The I-O model captures not infrastructure projects create 11-14 jobs per $1 mil- only the direct employment and output effects of an lion of spending while road infrastructure projects activity, but also the indirect and induced effects, create approximately 7 jobs per $1 million of expen- and therefore provides a more complete picture of ditures. Below we describe the projects we analyzed the impacts r