功能材料2：础(12013.ppt

New Way of Harnessing Photons for Electricity Proposed The quest to harness a broader spectrum of sunlights energy to produce electricity has taken a radically new turn, with the proposal of a solar energy funnel that takes advantage of materials under elastic strain. Were trying to use elastic strains to produce unprecedented properties, says Ju Li, an MIT professor and corresponding author of a paper describing the new solar-funnel concept that was published this week in the journal Nature Photonics. 半导体（pn结）发光原理： 通过正偏压使pn结处达到例子数反转 半导体激光器结构：共振 Osillation chamber for a semiconductor laser Schematic sketch of the output of a laser diode as a function of drive current. The thresholds for laser operation and for catastrophic optical damage are indicated. 半导体激光器LD与发光二极管（LED) LD LED 半导体激光器的量子阱结构 半导体激光器的量子阱结构 Structure and index of refraction for various types of junction in the aluminum gallium arsenide system. Top: Homojunction. Middle: Single heterojunction. Bottom: Double heterojunction The use of a single heterojunction (also called a single heterostructure) as shown in the middle portion of the figure provided better confinement. In this structure, there is one change in composition of the material as one goes through the junction, so the device is called a single heterojunction. The structure provides a large change in index of refraction, according to the data shown in Figure 7. The heterostructure reduces the light that leaks into the p+ region because of waveguiding effects. This in turn leads to lower losses, lower current requirements, reduced damage, and longer lifetime for the diodes. Single heterostructure diode lasers are still in use, but have largely been replaced by double heterostructure devices. (40) The bottom of the figure shows the double heterojunction (or double heterostructure), so called because there are two changes in the composition of the material as one goes through the junction. This confines the light from both sides by waveguidin