网络互联技术chp29组29.2IGMP.pptVIP

* IGMP The primary purpose of IGMP is to permit hosts to commincate their desire to receive multicast traffic to the IP Multicast router(s) on the local network. This, in turn, permits the IP Multicast router(s) to “Join” the specified multicast group and to begin forwarding the multicast traffic onto the network segment.The initial specification for IGMP (v1) was documented in RFC 1112, “Host Extensions for IP Multicasting”. Since that time, many problems and limitations with IGMPv1 have been discovered. This has lead to the development of the IGMPv2 specification which was ratified in November, 1997 as RFC 2236. Even before IGMPv2 had been ratified, work on the next generation of the IGMP protocol, IGMPv3, had already begun. However, the IGMPv3 specification is still in the working stage and has not been implemented by any vendors. IGMP Membership Queries IGMPv1 Membership Queries are sent by the router to the “All-Hosts” (224.0.0.1) multicast address to solicit what multicast groups have active receivers on the local network. IGMP Membership Reports IGMPv1 Membership Reports are sent by hosts wishing to receive traffic for a specific multicast group. Membership Reports are sent (with a TTL of 1) to the multicast address of the group for which the hosts wishes to receive traffic. Hosts either send reports asynchronously (when the wish to first join a group) or in response to Membership Queries. In the latter case, the response is used to maintain the group in an active state so that traffic for the group continues to be forwarded to the network segment. Report Suppression Report suppression is used among group members so that all members do not have to respond to a query. This saves CPU and bandwidth on all systems. The rule in multicast membership is that as long as one member is present, the group must be forwarded onto that segment. Therefore, only one member present is required to keep interest in a given group so report suppression is efficient.