Scaling - Powering Silicon Valley San Jose State University放大硅谷圣何塞州立大学供电.pptVIP

Scaling Measuring the Unobservable Scaling Scaling involves the construction of an instrument that associates qualitative constructs with quantitative metric units. Scaling evolved out of efforts to measure unmeasurable constructs like authoritarianism and self esteem. Scaling How do we define or “capture” or measure a nebulous concept? By “taking stabs” from several directions, we can get a more complete picture of a concept we know exists but cannot see. Scaling In scaling, we have several items that are intended to “capture” a piece of the underlying concept. The items are then combined in some form to create the scale. Scaling Scaling Scaling In most scaling, the objects are text statements, usually statements of attitude or belief. Scaling A scale can have any number of dimensions in it. Most scales that we develop have only a few dimensions. Whats a dimension? If you think you can measure a persons self-esteem well with a single ruler that goes from low to high, then you probably have a unidimensional construct. Scaling Scaling Many familiar concepts (height, weight, temperature) are actually unidimensional. But, if the concept you are studying is in fact multidimensional in nature, a unidimensional scale or number line wont describe it well. E.g., academic achievement: how do you score someone who is a high math achiever and terrible verbally, or vice versa? A unidimensional scale cant capture that type of achievement. Scaling Factor analysis can tell you whether you have a unidimensional or multidimensional scale—helping you discover the number of dimensions or scales that exist among a group of variables. Factor analysis is typically an exploratory process, but it can be confirmatory. Exploratory factor analysis helps you reduce data by grouping variables into sets that tap the same phenomena. Scaling Steps in factor analysis (what the computer does): Assumes one factor and checks the correlation of each item with the proposed factor and