The World of Initiatives倡议的世界.pptVIP

Fertility Regulation Behaviors and Their Costs Elizabeth LuleWashington, DC July 16, 2008 Global Trends in fertility behavior Unmet need for contraception and unintended pregnancies Costs associated with Fertility Regulation Recommendations and Policy Implications Review existing research on global trends in fertility regulation behaviors, economic medical and social consequences, costs and cost effectiveness of interventions Regional reviews of Africa and ECA with contrasting contexts to examine the role of contraception and induced abortion and supply and demand factors Two country case studies to estimate costs to families, households, and national health systems Nigeria: Survey in 8 states, household based survey interviews of women, interviews of hospital physicians and cost data collected Kazakhstan: Three stage stratified sampling of health facilities to look at provider attitudes and gather direct and indirect costs and intervention costs Identify study limitations and research gaps Identify and discuss policy implications with governments Trends in Total Fertility Rate by Region, 1950 -2005 Trends in Contraceptive Prevalence Rates (modern methods) in Select African countries Trends in Contraceptive Prevalence Rates (modern methods) in Select ECA Countries Mean ideal number of children, by current age of woman in ECA Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR) by Region and Wealth Quintile(DHS 1995-2005, most recent country data) Unintended Pregnancy and Unmet Need for Contraception By region and Mortality due to Unsafe Abortion Trends in skilled attendant at birth:off track Direct and Indirect Costs Globally, cost to women’s health – 5 million suffer from disability including infertility, poor mental health and stigma Transport costs are high especially for the poor Loss of productivity and earnings Hospitalization costs – mean per patient cost estimated at US $96-$131 Cost to health systems – In Nigeria, 185,000 cases of post abortion complications cost $