外文文献及翻译：在全经济中竞争：创新挑战.docVIP

外文资料 Competing in the global economy: the innovation challenge Rt. Hon. Tony Blair, Lord Sainsbury. Innovation Report.2003.12: 17-31，52-65. Chapter 1 The innovation challenge Summary Global competition is increasing as a result of trade liberalization, technological change and reductions in transport and communication costs. UK based businesses will find it increasingly difficult to compete on low costs alone in labour intensive industries exposed to international competition. The challenge for businesses is to compete on the basis of unique value. We have defined innovation as the successful exploitation of new ideas and it is central to meeting this challenge. It involves investments in new products, processes or services and in new ways of doing business. Measures to develop the skills and creativity of the workforce are often an essential prerequisite. The speed of technological change and market responses make the challenge to innovate urgent and continuous. Overall UK innovation performance appears to be, at best, average compared to our major competitors. This is reflected in the large productivity gap that exists between the UK and its major competitors. Innovation performance accounts for a significant proportion of this gap. On the whole, UK firms face a challenge: how to raise their rate of innovation? Innovation is a complex process so understanding why the UK has a relatively modest innovation performance is not straightforward. We drew on an extensive review of the international innovation literature and consulted with a group of leading experts in the field. As a result we have identified seven critical success factors for innovation performance. They are: Sources of new technological knowledge； Capacity to absorb and exploit new knowledge； Access to finance； Competition and entrepreneurship； Customers and suppliers； The Regulatory environment； Networks and collaboration. They help us to identify current strengths and weaknesses of the UK innovation