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* * * * * * * * * * * * * by Amber Masso Program Director American Childhood Cancer Organization Unsung Heroes An Introduction to the often-ignored world of What? What is Childhood Cancer? Childhood Cancer is the leading cause of death in children under 18 and is actually a collection of diseases. Children are diagnosed with many different forms of cancer. There are 12 major types of cancer that can affect the bones, muscle, blood, liver, kidney, brain, or even the eyes. Common adult cancers (lung, breast, colon, etc.) rarely occur in children or adolescents. What? What is Childhood Cancer? Among the 12 major types, Leukemias (cancer in the blood) and brain tumors account for more than half of all cases. The median age at diagnosis is six years old. Some forms of pediatric cancer have a 5 year survival rate of more than 90%, while others have a 5 year survival rate of less than 2%. What? What is Childhood Cancer? Every day in America, 46 children are diagnosed with cancer. Each year in the U.S. approx. 12,400 children between the ages of birth and 19 years of age are diagnosed with cancer. There is no known cause of childhood cancer, and it occurs regularly and randomly across all ethnic groups. Some children are even born with cancer. What? Effects of Childhood Cancer Many adult cancer patients endure no more than a year of treatment. On the other hand, the average length of treatment for children, from initial diagnosis to cure or remission, is three years. If the child experiences a relapse, the treatment time could possibly be extended over many years with a potentially lowered prognosis. What? The Need for Progress Childhood cancers tend to be more aggressive than adult cancers, so this late diagnosis can significantly affect the 5-year survival probability of the child. In 80% of cases, a child’s cancer diagnosis is delayed until the disease is very advanced and has spread to other parts of the body. As a stark comparison, this only occur