导论心理学.pptxVIP

The female brain 陈海平The male brain 陈海平The teenager’s brain 陈海平Homer’s brain 陈海平Behavior impacted by interactions with others 陈海平自我介绍 陈海平心理学定义Psychology = psyche + logos心理学的定义：对心灵的解说个体行为和心理活动（精神过程）的研究研究的目的：对行为进行描述 数据及其分析水平解释 机体变量、秉性变量、环境变量预测 行为改变及其条件控制 干预生活达到预期结果 陈海平PsychologyPsychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes 陈海平认识:感知觉、记忆、思维、想象心理过程情绪情感意志心理现象个性倾向性：需要、动机、兴趣、理想、信念、世界观个性心理个性心理特征：能力、气质、性格心理学的研究对象心理学是研究心理现象的发生和发展规律的学科。 陈海平心理学的发展和流派简史流派现状国内发展 陈海平What is PsychologyThe study of behavior and mental processes.What is behavior?-the action of muscles and glandsWhat is a mental process?-intelligence, thought, personality 陈海平What do Psychologists Do? 陈海平历史发展方向：从哲学到科学通俗心理学（pop psychology）与科学心理学（scientific psychology）科学心理学的诞生标志 陈海平Gustav TheodoreFechner (1801-1887)Elements of PsychophysicsShowed how physical events (lights and sounds) are related to psychological sensation and perceptionScientific measurement of these events! 陈海平Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) Father of structuralismUsed introspection to study the basic elements of experienceStructuralists believed that the mind functions by combing objective and subjective elements of experience 陈海平William James (1842-1910)Father of FunctionalismFocused on behavior as opposed to just the mindSupplemented introspection with laboratory observationHABITS: help cope with common situationsASK: How do behavior and mental processes help people adapt to the requirements of their lives?He was also into “the occult”(玄奥） 陈海平John B. Watson (1878-1958)Behaviorism! – “If psychology was to be a natural science, like physics or chemistry, it MUST limit itself to observable, measurable events-that is, to behavior alone!!!!!!!”CONDITIONINGFather of Joe the camel (advertising) 陈海平流派（范式）构造主义心理学structuralism：元素（感觉、意象）的分解机能主义心理学functionalism：意识的作用、意识流格式塔心理学Gestalts ： 也是结构主义、整体、完形生物学观点biological perspective：脑活动、荷尔蒙、遗传（如智力、心理治疗）精神分析心理学psychodynamic perspective：无意识性本能、攻击性本能行为主义心理学behaviorism：可观察、S-R/R-S、环境人本主义心理学humanist