INDEX OF SEGREGATION指数的隔离.pptVIP

INDEX OF SEGREGATION Are Jobs Gender, Race, or Ethnically Blind? REVIEW We Have determined the following Under Pure Competition and under the assumption of homogenous workers Firms will hire workers to maximize profits i.e. MR=MC Or equivalently, where w = MRP Where MRP = P*MPL Discrimination Hence, if there workers were indeed homogenous and they received different wages then that would imply there was discrimination However, if workers are not homogenous than different wages alone would not necessarily imply discrimination Discrimination If there is disparity in wages Then the question is why? There are three sources that may account for wages disparities (or discrimination): Non-Market Discrimination Past-Employer Discrimination Current Employer Discrimination Non-Market Discrimination Lower Productivity due to training (schooling, etc) Geographical (more blacks in the South) Different preferences in terms of Labor/Leisure Other Past-Employer Discrimination Past Discriminating Hiring Practices Followed with Mouth to Mouth Hiring Practices Current Employer Discrimination Prejudice Consumer Preferences Other First Source: Non-Market Discrimination Do individuals on average take on different jobs based on personal characteristics such as gender, race, or ethnicity If so, that may in part explain the difference in wage differentials U.S. MEDIAN EARNINGS BY GENDER AND RACE/ETHNICITY, YEAR-ROUND FULL-TIME WORKERS, 2001Table 8.1 p. 277 FEMALE/MALE MEDIAN ANNUAL EARNINGS RATIO, U.S. YEAR-ROUND FULL-TIME WORKERSFigure 8.1, p. 278 FEMALE/MALE HOURLY WAGE RATIOSBY AGE GROUP AND YEARTable 8.2, p. 280 FEMALE/MALE HOURLY WAGE RATIOSBY AGE GROUP AND YEARTable 8.2, p. 280 FEMALE/MALE MEDIAN ANNUAL EARNINGS RATIO BY EDUCATION LEVEL, 2001Figure 8.2, p. 282 DISTRIBUTION OF ANNUAL EARNINGS BY GENDER, YEAR-ROUND FULL-TIME WORKERS, U.S., 2001Figure 8.3, p. 283 FEMALE/MALE EARNINGS RATIOS, MEDIAN WEEKLY EARNINGS OF FULL-TIME WORKERS, SELECTED DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, 1979