句子成分及简单句,并列句,复合句.doc

简单句(Simple sentence)及句子成分(Members of the sentence) （一）简单句 一、定义：由一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成。 eg. He [often] goes [to school][by bike]. He gave me a dictionary [yesterday]. He has finished the work [already]. He [always] makes me happy. He is doing (his) homework. He did a (good) job. He is a student. 注： 表主语, 表谓语, 表宾语, ( )表定语, [ ]表状语, 表补语, 表表语。 二、简单句的五种基本句型： 1. 主语+谓语(不及物动词) [S + Vi] eg. The children are playing [happily]. 孩子们正在高兴地玩。 (Such) things [often] happen. 这种事情经常发生。The new) term begins [in September]. 新学年从九月份开始。eg. He arrived in Beijing [yesterday]. He was listening to the music. 2. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 [S+Vt+O] eg. The Greens enjoy living in China. 格林一家喜欢住在中国。I missed the train. 我错过了火车。常用跟单宾语的动词有：enjoy, forget, remember, guess, love, hate, supply, use 等3. 主语+谓语+表语 [S+V+P]  该句型谓语动词为连系动词。常见的系动词有：be(是), get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到),smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎), keep(保持),stay(保持) 等。如： He became a famous) doctor. 他成为了一名著名的医生。 The apple pie tastes really] delicious. 苹果派吃起来真是好吃。Trees turn green [in spring]. 树在春天变绿。 4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 [S+V+InO+DO]  这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，但要加介词for或to。如：  My aunt bought me a computer. = My aunt bought a computer for me]. I passed him the salt. = I passed the salt [to him]. 我把盐递给他。 bring, give, hand, pass, pay, return, sell, show, teach等。 5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 [S+V+O+OC] eg. We must keep (our) school clean. 我们必须保持我们的学校清洁。We found it difficult to learn English well. 我们发现。 I made him water the flowers. 我让他去浇花。（省的不定式作宾语补足语） 注: 常跟宾语补足语的动词有 let, make, listen to, hear, look at, see, watch, have, feel等。 listen to, hear, look at, see, watch, feel 这些表感官的动词除可跟省to的不定式外，还可跟现在分词V-ing，不过强调重点稍有不同，试比较： eg. I saw her play the piano [yesterday]. （强调动作过程） I saw her playing the piano [when I walked by her room] [yesterday]. (强调动作的正在进行，一般有标志性的时间状语，如at nine yesterday等） (二)句子的成分： 1. 主语：是一个句子的主题，是