语态英语.doc

四、语态 　　语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。　　主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。　　例如：My grandfather planted this tree.我祖父种的这棵树。　　This tree was planted by my grandfather．这棵树是我祖父种的。　　1．被动语态的形式　　被动语态由助动词be加过去分词构成，be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化，被动语态的各种时态形式如下表：　　 2.被动语态的用法　　2.1动作的施动者很明显，没有必要提到时，例如：　　The rubbish hasn’t been collected．　　垃圾没有清走。　　The streets are swept every day．　　马路每天都清扫。　　Your hand will be X-rayed．　　你的手要照X片。　　2.2不知道、不确切知道或忘记了谁是施动者时，例如：　　The minister was murdered．　　部长被谋杀了。　　My car has been moved！　　我的汽车被挪动过了！　　You’ll be met at the station．　　有人会到车站去接你。　　2.3主动动词的主语是人时，例如：　　He is suspected of receiving stolen goods．　　他被怀疑接受了赃物。（人们怀疑他……）　　They are supposed to be living in New York．　　据猜测他们现在住在纽约。（人们猜测他们住在……）　　2.4对所做的事比对做事的人更感兴趣时，例如：　　The house next door has been bought（by a Mr. Jones）．　　隔壁的房子被（一个叫琼斯的人）买下了。　　2.5表示据说或相信 等词组：believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand　　It is said that…　　 据说　　　　It is reported that… 据报道　　　 　　It is believed that…　大家相信　　　　　　　It is hoped that…　大家希望　　It is well known that… 众所周知　　　　It is thought that…　大家认为　　It is suggested that…　据建议　　　　　　　It is taken granted that…　 被视为当然　　　It has been decided that… 大家决定　　 　　It must be remember that…务必记住的是3.不用被动语态的情况　　3.1不及物动词无被动语态，例如：　　(错) The price has been risen.　　(错) The accident was happened last week.　　3.2系动词无被动语态，例如：　　(错) It is sounded good.　　[注意]　　1.若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。此类动词为感官动词和使役动词，如：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch等。例如：　　The teacher made me go out of the classroom.老师让我出教室。　　-------I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).　　We saw him play football on the playground.我们看见他在操场上踢足球。　　-------He was seen to play football on the playground.　　2.短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如：　　My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.我的妹妹将由我的祖母照顾。　　　　Such a thing has never been heard of before.以前从来没有听过这样的事情。　　3. 某些词的主动形式表示被动意义：wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw