《就象一样》PPT课件.ppt

Unit Eight Cloning What is cloning? Cloning = geneticallyidentical duplicationof: ?DNA sequences.?Cells.?Organisms. Identical twins mightbe said to be “naturalclones.” Cloning Milestones 1938 Cloning is envisioned. Hans Spemann proposed what he called a fantastical experiment. He suggested taking the nucleus from a cell of a late-stage embryo and transplanting it into an egg. In other words, cloning. 1952 First cloning experiment with frogs. Robert Briggs and T. J. King used a pipette to suck the nucleus from the cell of an advanced frog embryo and added it to a frog egg. It did not develop. 1984 First embryo cloning with sheep is reported. Steen Willadsen reported that he cloned a live lamb from immature sheep embryo cells. Others later replicate his experiment using a variety of animals, including cattle, pigs, goats, rabbits and rhesus monkeys. 1994 First cloning of more advanced embryo cells. Neal First cloned calves from embryos that have grown to at least 120 cells. 1996 Dr. Ian Wilmut and his team clone the worlds first sheep from adult cells. The lamb born in July 1996 is named Dolly. 1997 A team led by Drs. Ian Wilmut and Keith Campbell (U.K.) create the first sheep with a human gene in every cell of its body. The genetically engineered lamb is named Polly. 2000 Japanese scientists clone a baby bull from a bull that was a clone itself, the first re-cloning case involving a large mammal. 2002 A team of scientists at Texas AM University produces the first cloned pet, a calico kitten called “CC” (for Copy Cat). The work was funded by Arizona millionaire John Sperling, whose company, Genetic Savings and Clone, hopes to clone pets for profit. China’s Breakthroughs in Cloning 1999 Chinese scientists have produced an embryo of a giant panda through cloning technology, a breakthrough that could save the endangered animal. Scientists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences had introduced cells of a dead female panda into the egg cells