青岛近海大气气溶胶中水溶性无机离子分布特征及来源解析-环境科学专业论文.pdf.docxVIP

沙尘气溶胶来源进行鉴别，得到 6 类源，分别为地壳土壤源、石油燃烧、机动车尾气、生物质燃烧、工业源和海盐。沙尘天气和非沙尘天气的主要源均为土壤源， 沙尘天气下其贡献显著升高，污染严重，而局地污染源（如机动车尾气、工业） 贡献降低。沙尘天气下青岛地区燃煤型污染物主要是来自沿途污染物排放与沙尘 混合，生物质燃烧则既有本地源贡献又有沿途污染物的传输。PMF 成功对北黄海大气颗粒物定量源解析，鉴别出 6 类源，主要源为二次 气溶胶和土壤扬尘，次要源为老化海盐、重残渣油燃烧、生物质燃烧和金属冶炼。 二次气溶胶的生成是北黄海大气气溶胶中最重要的贡献源。另外，北黄海大气颗 粒物受到局地海域轮船排放和中国北部地区农业活动的强烈影响。各源的贡献率 有不同的季节分布。春季和秋季，土壤源和生物质燃烧是 TSP 质量浓度的主导 源；夏季主要源为残渣油的燃烧；冬季二次硫酸盐和金属冶炼为主要源。后向轨 迹的分析结果表明，夏季 66%的气团来自海洋上空，而其他季节气团主要来自陆 地。中国北部和西北地区的污染物质经过长距离传输，强烈影响北黄海大气气溶 胶的化学组分。关键词：气溶胶；水溶性离子；粒径分布；来源解析；青岛Distribution Characteristics of Water-soluble Inorganic Ions in Atmospheric Aerosols and Source Apportionment ofAerosols in Qingdao Coastal Region AbstractThe atmospheric aerosols samples were collected in Qingdao coastal region from March to November 2011. The average mass concentration of total suspended particulate(TSP) was 226.93μg/m3. NO3-, SO42- and NH4+ were the dominant ions, accounting for 78.9% of total water soluble inorganic ions. The TSP concentrations in different weather conditions were in the order of dust fog/haze sunny rainy days. The mass concentration of total water-soluble inorganic ions in fog and haze days washigher than those in any other weather conditions, and the concentration of secondary ions had the highest level. The concentration of SO42- increased to a great extent in fog days, while NO3- in haze days. The ratio of NO3-/SO42- decreased in fog days and increased in haze days. The concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and Cl- reached the highest in dust days. The concentrations of Ca2+, K+ and F- were the lowest after wet deposition and Ca2+ had the highest decline.Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, F- and Cl- mainly existed in the coarse particles (2.1μm) while NH4+, K+, NO3- and SO42- in the fine mode. The size distributions of Na+ , Cl- and F- were bimodal with a minor peak at 0.43~0.65 μm and a major one at 3.3~4.7 μm. Ca2+ and Mg2+ exhibited unimodal distribution, peaking at 3.3~7.0 μm. K+ and NH4+ had a peak at 0.43~1.1 μm in size distribution. SO42- had a u