能源应用范例.pptVIP

第 三 能源的應用範例Examples of Energy Application Building Materials (1) Material that is a good conductor of electricity, such as a metal, is usually a good conductor of heat. An insulator, such as fiberglass or Styrofoam, will retard the flow of heat from one object to another. We say that it provides a high “resistance” to heat transfer. Air can be a good insulator, especially if it is motionless, and so porous materials such as fiberglass have an excellent resistance to heat flow thanks to the air trapped inside. Building Materials (2) The color of a material also influences heat transfer when radiation is concerned. A black object is both a better emitter and a better absorber of radiant energy than a white or shiny-surfaced object. To be in thermal equilibrium with its surroundings, an object that is a good emitter must also be a good absorber. Conversely, a poor emitter will be a bad absorber. Building Materials (3) Starting from the same temperature, a hot black object will radiant energy faster than a similar hot light-colored object. Ice water will remain cold longer if it is placed in a silver-colored dish rather a charcoal-colored one. Light colored clothes are preferable on hot, sunny days, as they are poor absorbers of radiant energy. The absorber plates on solar collectors are painted flat black to better absorb the sun’s energy. Building Materials (5) The answer is that you should add cream as soon as possible. The cream makes the black coffee lighter in color, which makes it a poorer radiator. Also the temperature will drop when the cream is added, so the rate of heat transfer by radiation and conduction will decrease as a result of the smaller ?T. Site Selection (1) A very important factor in convective heat loss is the wind. Heat loss through walls and roofs as well as through window, door, and foundation cracks directly depend on the wind velocity. Heat load calculations indicate that an increase in wind velocity from 10 to 15 to 20 mph will increase t