上海交通大学医学院儿科学临床医学五年制课件 儿科学绪论.ppt

Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly common in infancy ( anemia, infection) DISPARITY IN OCCURRENCE AND PROGRESSION OF DISEASE BETWEEN CHILDREN AND ADULT Age-dependent Lab data, Physical exam ? Congenital anomalies Inborn errors of metabolism ? Newborn, infants vulnerable to infections ? Sinusitis rare in infancy ? Infants vulnerable to obstruction in respiratory tract ? Spectrum of disease ? Pneumonia: Bronchial pneumonia, Lobar pneumonia ? Vitamin D deficiency Rickets(佝偻病) Malacosteon(骨软化) ? Heart diseases Congenital Heart Disease Type of disease DISPARITY IN OCCURRENCE AND PROGRESSION OF DISEASE BETWEEN CHILDREN AND ADULT Atherosclerotic heart disease 主要死亡原因 1岁以内 1. 围产期 perinatal conditions 宫内发育不良 intrauterine growth retardation 呼吸窘迫综合征 respiratory distress syndrome 窒息 intrauterine hypoxia/birth asphyxia 产伤 birth trauma 2.先天性畸形 congenital anomalies 3.婴儿猝死综合征 sudden infant death syndrome 4.肺炎 pneumonia 5.消化道疾病 gastrointestinal disorders 1 ～ 4岁 1.意外损伤 injuries 2.先天性畸形 congenital anomalies 3.恶性肿瘤 malignant neoplasms 5 ～ 14岁 1.意外损伤 injuries 2.恶性肿瘤 malignant neoplasms 主要死亡原因 18yr in total population Developed countries 22.4% Developing countries 35.7% China 30% ( UNCF 1999 ) ? 18yr 400 million ( china) “ 儿童生存保护和发展世界宣言”及“ 推行计划” 中国政府相继制定 “ 九十年代中国儿童发展规划纲要 及（2001-2010）中国儿童发展纲要” 1. Infective disease 2. Psycho-behavior problem 3. Accidental injury 4. Congenital anomalies 5. Preventi