大学化学ppt课件6气溶胶化学及酸沉降化学英文精编整理.pptVIP

SECTION 7 Chemistry of aerosol; Particulate matter in the atmosphere can be natural or man-made. For example, sulfate aerosol is from volcano eruption, fuel combustion and microbial activities. Sea salt aerosol is from sea spray and bubble bursting. Soot is from fuel combustion. Secondary organic aerosol is from volatile organic compounds.;(2) Sort of aerosol; Dynamics diameter of particle is about 0.001～100μm. Large particles can settle out of the atmosphere by sedimentation in the earth’s gravitational field. The particle, more than 10μm, is called precipitated particles. The smaller solid particles have a maximum concentration about 18 km above the earth’s surface. The particle, less than 10μm, is called floating particles.;Table 1 Conformation and main characteristic of aerosol;2. Source and collection of aerosol; The particles in the atmosphere are known collectively as the atmospheric aerosol. Their size distribution is very wide, but as seen in Figure3, the aerosol is dominated by the smallest particles. Dust and sea spray are blown about by the wind in great quantity, but these particles are large and settle out rapidly. ;Figure1 size distribution of aerosol ; The submicrometer particles are formed mainly by oxidation of sulfur-, nitrogen-, and carbon-containing gases in the atmosphere. These particles stay aloft much longer, with lifetimes of days or weeks. Gradually, they grow to larger ones via collisions and aggregation, and settle out. No long-term accumulation in the lower atmosphere or troposphere is thus possible.;Figure 2 Distribution of concentration of number surface area volume ;Figure 3 Size distribution of aerosol;???Whitby model: aitken nucleus model (0.001～0.0 5μm), accumulation mode (0.05～2μm), and coarse particle mode (2μm). Nucleus formation process is as follow. (1) Granule is formed and dispersed in atmosphere by homogeneous nucleation . (2) Granule grow up by surface multi-phase gaseous reaction. (3) Granule g